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IETF RFC 7885
Last modified on Wednesday, July 13th, 2016
 Permanent link to RFC 7885
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) V. Govindan
Request for Comments: 7885 C. Pignataro
Updates: 5885 Cisco
Category: Standards Track July 2016
ISSN: 2070-1721
Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD)
for Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV)
 Abstract
This document defines Seamless BFD (S-BFD) for VCCV by extending the
procedures and Connectivity Verification (CV) types already defined
for Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Virtual Circuit
Connectivity Verification (VCCV).
This document updates RFC 5885 by extending the CV Type values and
the capability selection.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 7841.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7885.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 1 
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
Table of Contents
1. Background ......................................................3
2. S-BFD Connectivity Verification .................................3
2.1. Co-existence of S-BFD and BFD Capabilities .................4
2.2. S-BFD CV Operation .........................................4
2.2.1. S-BFD Initiator Operation ...........................4
2.2.2. S-BFD Reflector Operation ...........................5
2.2.2.1. Demultiplexing .............................5
2.2.2.2. Transmission of Control Packets ............5
2.2.2.3. Advertisement of Target
Discriminators Using LDP ...................5
2.2.2.4. Advertisement of Target
Discriminators Using L2TP ..................6
2.2.2.5. Provisioning of Target Discriminators ......6
2.3. S-BFD Encapsulation ........................................6
3. Capability Selection ............................................7
4. Security Considerations .........................................7
5. IANA Considerations .............................................8
5.1. MPLS CV Types for the VCCV Interface Parameters Sub-TLV ....8
5.2. L2TPv3 CV Types for the VCCV Capability AVP ................8
5.3. PW Associated Channel Type .................................9
6. References ......................................................9
6.1. Normative References .......................................9
6.2. Informative References ....................................10
Acknowledgements ..................................................11
Contributors ......................................................11
Authors' Addresses ................................................11
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 2
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
1. Background
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) for Virtual Circuit
Connectivity Verification (VCCV) [RFC 5885] defines the CV Types for
BFD using VCCV, protocol operation, and the required packet
encapsulation formats. This document extends those procedures and
CV Type values to enable Seamless BFD (S-BFD) [RFC 7880] operation
for VCCV.
The new S-BFD CV Types are Pseudowire (PW) demultiplexer agnostic and
hence are applicable for both MPLS and Layer Two Tunneling Protocol
version 3 (L2TPv3) PW demultiplexers. This document concerns itself
with the S-BFD VCCV operation over Single-Segment PWs (SS-PWs). The
scope of this document is as follows:
o This specification describes procedures for S-BFD asynchronous
mode only.
o S-BFD Echo mode is outside the scope of this specification.
o S-BFD operation for fault detection and status signaling is
outside the scope of this specification.
This document specifies the use of a single S-BFD Discriminator per
PW. There are cases where multiple S-BFD Discriminators per PW can
be useful. One such case involves using different S-BFD
Discriminators per Flow within a Flow-Aware Transport (FAT) PW
[RFC 6391]; however, the mapping between Flows and discriminators is a
prerequisite. FAT PWs can be supported as described in Section 7 of
[RFC 6391], which details Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
(OAM) considerations for FAT PWs.
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and
"OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in
[RFC 2119].
2. S-BFD Connectivity Verification
The S-BFD protocol provides continuity check services by monitoring
the S-BFD Control packets sent and received over the VCCV channel of
the PW. The term "Connectivity Verification" (CV) is used throughout
this document to be consistent with [RFC 5885].
This section defines the CV Types to be used for S-BFD. It also
defines the procedures for the S-BFD reflector and S-BFD initiator
operation.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 3
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
Two CV Types are defined for S-BFD. Table 1 summarizes the S-BFD
CV Types, grouping them by encapsulation (i.e., with IP/UDP headers,
without IP/UDP headers) for fault detection only. S-BFD for fault
detection and status signaling is outside the scope of this
specification.
+-----------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+
| | Fault | Fault |
| | Detection | Detection |
| | Only | and Status |
| | | Signaling |
+-----------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+
| S-BFD IP/UDP encapsulation (with IP/UDP | 0x40 | N/A |
| headers) | | |
| | | |
| S-BFD PW-ACH encapsulation when using | 0x80 | N/A |
| MPLS PW or S-BFD L2-Specific Sublayer | | |
| (L2SS) encapsulation when using L2TP PW | | |
| (without IP/UDP headers) | | |
+-----------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+
Table 1: Bitmask Values for S-BFD CV Types
IANA has assigned two new bits to indicate S-BFD operation.
2.1. Co-existence of S-BFD and BFD Capabilities
Since the CV Types for S-BFD and BFD are unique, BFD and S-BFD
capabilities can be advertised concurrently.
2.2. S-BFD CV Operation
2.2.1. S-BFD Initiator Operation
The S-BFD initiator SHOULD bootstrap S-BFD sessions after it learns
the discriminator of the remote target identifier. This can be
achieved, for example, through one or more of the following methods.
(This list is not exhaustive.)
1. Advertisements of S-BFD Discriminators made through a
PW signaling protocol -- for example, AVPs/TLVs defined in
L2TP/LDP.
2. Provisioning of S-BFD Discriminators by manual configuration of
the Provider Edge (PE) or L2TP Control Connection Endpoints
(LCCEs).
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 4
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
3. Assignment of S-BFD Discriminators by a controller.
4. Probing remote S-BFD Discriminators through a mechanism such as
S-BFD Alert Discriminators [SBFD-ALERT-DISCRIM].
The S-BFD initiator operation MUST be done as specified in
Section 7.3 of [RFC 7880].
2.2.2. S-BFD Reflector Operation
When a PW signaling protocol such as LDP or L2TPv3 is in use, the
S-BFD reflector can advertise its target discriminators using that
signaling protocol. When static PWs are in use, the target
discriminator of S-BFD needs to be provisioned on the S-BFD
initiator nodes.
All point-to-point PWs are bidirectional; the S-BFD reflector
therefore reflects the S-BFD packet back to the initiator using the
VCCV channel of the reverse direction of the PW on which it was
received.
The reflector has enough information to reflect the S-BFD Async
packet received by it back to the S-BFD initiator using the PW
context (e.g., fields of the L2TPv3 headers).
The S-BFD reflector operation for BFD protocol fields MUST be
performed as specified in [RFC 7880].
2.2.2.1. Demultiplexing
Demultiplexing of S-BFD is achieved using the PW context, following
the procedures in Section 7.1 of [RFC 7880].
2.2.2.2. Transmission of Control Packets
S-BFD reflector procedures as described in [RFC 7880] apply for S-BFD
using VCCV.
2.2.2.3. Advertisement of Target Discriminators Using LDP
The advertisement of the target discriminator using LDP is left for
further study. It should be noted that S-BFD can still be used with
signaled PWs over an MPLS Packet Switched Network (PSN) by
provisioning the S-BFD Discriminators or by learning the S-BFD
Discriminators via some other means.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 5
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
2.2.2.4. Advertisement of Target Discriminators Using L2TP
The S-BFD reflector MUST use the AVP defined in [RFC 7886] for
advertising its target discriminators using L2TP.
2.2.2.5. Provisioning of Target Discriminators
S-BFD target discriminators MAY be provisioned when static PWs
are used.
2.3. S-BFD Encapsulation
Unless specified differently below, the encapsulation of S-BFD
packets is identical to the method specified in Section 3.2 of
[RFC 5885] and in [RFC 5880] for the encapsulation of BFD packets.
o IP/UDP BFD encapsulation (BFD with IP/UDP headers):
* The destination UDP port for the IP-encapsulated S-BFD packet
MUST be 7784 [RFC 7881].
* The contents of the S-BFD Control packets MUST be set according
to Section 7.3.2 of [RFC 7880].
* The Time to Live (TTL) (IPv4) or Hop Limit (IPv6) is set
to 255.
o PW-ACH/L2SS BFD encapsulation (BFD without IP/UDP headers):
* The encapsulation of S-BFD packets using this format MUST be
performed according to Section 3.2 of [RFC 5885], with the
exception of the value for the PW-ACH/L2SS type.
* When VCCV carries PW-ACH/L2SS-encapsulated S-BFD (i.e., "raw"
S-BFD), the Channel Type of PW-ACH (the PW Control Word (CW))
or L2SS MUST be set to 0x0008 to indicate "S-BFD Control,
PW-ACH/L2SS-encapsulated" (i.e., S-BFD without IP/UDP headers;
see Section 5.3). This is done to allow the identification of
the encapsulated S-BFD payload when demultiplexing the VCCV
control channel.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 6
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
3. Capability Selection
When multiple S-BFD CV Types are advertised, and after applying the
rules in [RFC 5885], the set that both ends of the PW have in common
is determined. If the two ends have more than one S-BFD CV Type in
common, the following list of S-BFD CV Types is considered in order,
from the lowest list number CV Type to the highest list number
CV Type, and the CV Type with the lowest list number is used:
1. 0x40 - S-BFD IP/UDP-encapsulated, for PW Fault Detection only.
2. 0x80 - S-BFD PW-ACH/L2SS-encapsulated (without IP/UDP headers),
for PW Fault Detection only.
The order of capability selection between S-BFD and BFD is defined as
follows:
+---------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------------+
| Advertised capabilities | BFD | S-BFD | Both S-BFD and |
| of PE1/PE2 | Only | Only | BFD |
+---------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------------+
| BFD Only | BFD | None | BFD Only |
| | | | |
| S-BFD Only | None | S-BFD | S-BFD Only |
| | | | |
| Both S-BFD and BFD | BFD | S-BFD | Both S-BFD and |
| | Only | Only | BFD |
+---------------------------+---------+-----------+-----------------+
Table 2: Capability Selection Matrix for BFD and S-BFD
4. Security Considerations
Security considerations for VCCV are addressed in Section 10 of
[RFC 5085]. The introduction of the S-BFD CV Types does not present
any new security risks for VCCV. Implementations of the additional
CV Types defined herein are subject to the same security
considerations as those defined in [RFC 5085] as well as [RFC 7880].
The IP/UDP encapsulation of S-BFD makes use of the TTL / Hop Limit
procedures described in the Generalized TTL Security Mechanism (GTSM)
specification [RFC 5082] as a security mechanism.
This specification does not raise any additional security issues
beyond these.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 7
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
5. IANA Considerations
5.1. MPLS CV Types for the VCCV Interface Parameters Sub-TLV
The VCCV Interface Parameters Sub-TLV codepoint is defined in
[RFC 4446], and the "MPLS VCCV Connectivity Verification (CV) Types"
registry is defined in [RFC 5085].
This section lists the new S-BFD CV Types.
IANA has augmented the "MPLS VCCV Connectivity Verification (CV)
Types" registry in the "Pseudowire Name Spaces (PWE3)" registry
[IANA-PWE3]. These are bitfield values. CV Type values are
specified in Section 2 of this document.
MPLS VCCV Connectivity Verification (CV) Types:
Bit (Value) Description Reference
=========== =========== ==============
6 (0x40) S-BFD IP/UDP-encapsulated, RFC 7885
for PW Fault Detection only
7 (0x80) S-BFD PW-ACH-encapsulated, RFC 7885
for PW Fault Detection only
5.2. L2TPv3 CV Types for the VCCV Capability AVP
This section lists the new S-BFD "L2TPv3 Connectivity Verification
(CV) Types" that have been added to the existing "VCCV Capability AVP
(Attribute Type 96) Values" registry in the "Layer Two Tunneling
Protocol 'L2TP'" registry [IANA-L2TP]. IANA has assigned the
following L2TPv3 Connectivity Verification (CV) Types in the "VCCV
Capability AVP (Attribute Type 96) Values" registry.
VCCV Capability AVP (Attribute Type 96) Values
----------------------------------------------
L2TPv3 Connectivity Verification (CV) Types:
Bit (Value) Description Reference
=========== =========== ==============
6 (0x40) S-BFD IP/UDP-encapsulated, RFC 7885
for PW Fault Detection only
7 (0x80) S-BFD L2SS-encapsulated, RFC 7885
for PW Fault Detection only
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 8
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
5.3. PW Associated Channel Type
As per the IANA considerations in [RFC 5586], IANA has allocated a
Channel Type in the "MPLS Generalized Associated Channel (G-ACh)
Types (including Pseudowire Associated Channel Types)" registry
[IANA-G-ACh].
IANA has assigned a new Pseudowire Associated Channel Type value, as
follows:
Value Description Reference
------ ---------------------------------- ---------------
0x0008 S-BFD Control, PW-ACH/L2SS RFC 7885
encapsulation
(without IP/UDP Headers)
6. References
6.1. Normative References
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 2119>.
[RFC 4446] Martini, L., "IANA Allocations for Pseudowire Edge to Edge
Emulation (PWE3)", BCP 116, RFC 4446,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 4446, April 2006,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 4446>.
[RFC 5082] Gill, V., Heasley, J., Meyer, D., Savola, P., Ed., and C.
Pignataro, "The Generalized TTL Security Mechanism
(GTSM)", RFC 5082, DOI 10.17487/RFC 5082, October 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5082>.
[RFC 5085] Nadeau, T., Ed., and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Pseudowire
Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A
Control Channel for Pseudowires", RFC 5085,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 5085, December 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5085>.
[RFC 5586] Bocci, M., Ed., Vigoureux, M., Ed., and S. Bryant, Ed.,
"MPLS Generic Associated Channel", RFC 5586,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 5586, June 2009,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5586>.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 9
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
[RFC 5880] Katz, D. and D. Ward, "Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(BFD)", RFC 5880, DOI 10.17487/RFC 5880, June 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5880>.
[RFC 5885] Nadeau, T., Ed., and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Bidirectional
Forwarding Detection (BFD) for the Pseudowire Virtual
Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV)", RFC 5885,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 5885, June 2010,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5885>.
[RFC 7880] Pignataro, C., Ward, D., Akiya, N., Bhatia, M., and S.
Pallagatti, "Seamless Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
(S-BFD)", RFC 7880, DOI 10.17487/RFC 7880, July 2016,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7880>.
[RFC 7881] Pignataro, C., Ward, D., and N. Akiya, "Seamless
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) for IPv4, IPv6,
and MPLS", RFC 7881, DOI 10.17487/RFC 7881, July 2016,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7881>.
[RFC 7886] Govindan, V. and C. Pignataro, "Advertising Seamless
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Discriminators
in the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol Version 3 (L2TPv3)",
RFC 7886, DOI 10.17487/RFC 7886, July 2016,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7886>.
6.2. Informative References
[IANA-G-ACh]
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "MPLS Generalized
Associated Channel (G-ACh) Types (including Pseudowire
Associated Channel Types)",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/g-ach-parameters>.
[IANA-L2TP]
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Layer Two Tunneling
Protocol 'L2TP'",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/l2tp-parameters>.
[IANA-PWE3]
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority, "Pseudowire Name
Spaces (PWE3)",
<http://www.iana.org/assignments/pwe3-parameters>.
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 10
RFC 7885 Seamless BFD for VCCV July 2016
[RFC 6391] Bryant, S., Ed., Filsfils, C., Drafz, U., Kompella, V.,
Regan, J., and S. Amante, "Flow-Aware Transport of
Pseudowires over an MPLS Packet Switched Network",
RFC 6391, DOI 10.17487/RFC 6391, November 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6391>.
[SBFD-ALERT-DISCRIM]
Akiya, N., Pignataro, C., and D. Ward, "Seamless
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (S-BFD) Alert
Discriminator", Work in Progress,
draft-akiya-bfd-seamless-alert-discrim-03, October 2014.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Nobo Akiya, Stewart Bryant, Greg
Mirsky, Pawel Sowinski, Yuanlong Jiang, Andrew Malis, and Alexander
Vainshtein for providing input to this document, performing thorough
reviews, and providing useful comments.
Contributors
Mallik Mudigonda
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: mmudigon@cisco.com
Authors' Addresses
Vengada Prasad Govindan
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: venggovi@cisco.com
Carlos Pignataro
Cisco Systems, Inc.
Email: cpignata@cisco.com
Govindan & Pignataro Standards Track PAGE 11
RFC TOTAL SIZE: 22500 bytes
PUBLICATION DATE: Wednesday, July 13th, 2016
LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)
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