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IETF RFC 7740
Last modified on Saturday, January 23rd, 2016
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Z. Zhang
Request for Comments: 7740 Y. Rekhter
Category: Standards Track Juniper Networks
ISSN: 2070-1721 A. Dolganow
Alcatel-Lucent
January 2016
Simulating Partial Mesh of Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP)
Provider Tunnels with Ingress Replication
 Abstract
RFC 6513 ("Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP VPNs") describes a method to
support bidirectional customer multicast flows using a partial mesh
of Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP) tunnels. This document specifies
how a partial mesh of MP2MP tunnels can be simulated using Ingress
Replication. This solution enables a service provider to use Ingress
Replication to offer transparent bidirectional multicast service to
its VPN customers.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7740.
Zhang, et al. Standards Track PAGE 1 
RFC 7740 C-BIDIR Support with IR January 2016
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2. Requirements Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1. Control State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2. Forwarding State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
4.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
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RFC 7740 C-BIDIR Support with IR January 2016
1. Introduction
Section 11.2 of RFC 6513 ("Partitioned Sets of PEs") describes two
methods of carrying Bidirectional PIM (BIDIR-PIM) [RFC 5015] C-flow
traffic over a provider core without using the core as the Rendezvous
Point Link (RPL) or requiring Designated Forwarder election.
With these two methods, all Provider Edges (PEs) of a particular VPN
are separated into partitions, with each partition being all the PEs
that elect the same PE as the Upstream PE with respect to the C-RPA
(the Rendezvous Point Address in the customer's address space). A PE
must discard bidirectional C-flow traffic from PEs that are not in
the same partition as the PE itself.
In particular, Section 11.2.3 of RFC 6513 ("Partial Mesh of MP2MP
P-Tunnels") guarantees the above discard behavior without using an
extra PE Distinguisher Label by having all PEs in the same partition
join a single MP2MP tunnel dedicated to that partition and use it to
transmit traffic. All traffic arriving on the tunnel will be from
PEs in the same partition, so it will be always accepted.
RFC 6514 specifies BGP encodings and procedures used to implement
Multicast VPN (MVPN) as specified in RFC 6513, while the details
related to MP2MP tunnels are specified in [RFC 7582].
RFC 7582 assumes that an MP2MP P-tunnel is realized either via BIDIR-
PIM [RFC 5015] or via MP2MP mLDP (Multipoint extensions for LDP)
[RFC 6388]. Each would require signaling and state not just on PEs,
but on the P routers as well. This document describes how the MP2MP
tunnel can be simulated with a mesh of P2MP tunnels, each of which is
instantiated by Ingress Replication (IR) [RFC 6513] [RFC 6514]. The
procedures in this document are different from the procedures that
are used to set up the mesh of Ingress Replication tunnels as
described in RFC 6514; the procedures in this document do not require
each PE on the MP2MP tunnel to send a Selective P-Multicast Service
Interface (S-PMSI) auto-discovery route (A-D route) for the P2MP
tunnel that the PE is the root for, nor do they require each PE to
send a Leaf A-D route to the root of each P2MP tunnel in the mesh.
Because it uses Ingress Replication, this scheme has both the
advantages and the disadvantages of Ingress Replication in general.
1.1. Terminology
This document uses terminology from [RFC 5015], [RFC 6513], [RFC 6514],
and [RFC 7582].
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RFC 7740 C-BIDIR Support with IR January 2016
1.2. Requirements Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
2. Operation
In the following sections, the originator of an S-PMSI A-D route or
Leaf A-D route is determined from the "originating router's IP
address" field of the corresponding route.
2.1. Control State
If a PE, say PEx, is connected to a site of a given VPN and PEx's
next-hop interface to some C-RPA is a VPN Routing and Forwarding
(VRF) interface, then PEx MUST advertise a (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D
route, regardless of whether it has any local BIDIR-PIM join states
corresponding to the C-RPA learned from its Customer Edges (CEs). It
MAY also advertise one or more (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D routes, if
selective distribution trees are needed for those C-G-BIDIR groups
and the corresponding C-RPA is in the site that the PEx connects to.
For example, the (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D routes could be triggered
when the (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) traffic rate goes above a threshold (this
may require measuring the traffic in both directions, due to the
nature of BIDIR-PIM), and fan-out could also be taken into account.
The S-PMSI A-D routes include a PMSI Tunnel Attribute (PTA) with
tunnel type set to Ingress Replication, with the Leaf Information
Required flag set, with a downstream allocated MPLS label that other
PEs in the same partition MUST use when sending relevant C-BIDIR
flows to this PE, and with the Tunnel Identifier field in the PTA set
to a routable address of the originator. This specification does not
prevent sharing of labels between P-tunnels, such as a label being
shared by a (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) and a (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route
originated by a given PE (note that other specifications put
constraints on how that can be done, e.g., [MVPN-EXTRANET]).
If some other PE, PEy, receives and imports into one of its VRFs any
(C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route whose PTA specifies an IR P-tunnel
and the VRF has any local BIDIR-PIM join state that PEy has received
from its CEs and if PEy chooses PEx as its Upstream PE with respect
to the C-RPA for those states, PEy MUST advertise a Leaf A-D route in
response. Or, if PEy has received and imported into one of its VRFs
a (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route from PEx before, then upon
receiving in the VRF any local BIDIR-PIM join state from its CEs with
PEx being the Upstream PE for those states' C-RPA, PEy MUST advertise
a Leaf A-D route.
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The encoding of the Leaf A-D route is as specified in RFC 6514,
except that the Route Targets are set to the same value as in the
corresponding S-PMSI A-D route so that the Leaf A-D route will be
imported by all VRFs that import the corresponding S-PMSI A-D route.
This is irrespective of whether or not the originator of the S-PMSI
A-D route is the Upstream PE from a receiving PE's perspective. The
label in the PTA of the Leaf A-D route originated by PEy MUST be
allocated specifically for PEx, so that when traffic arrives with
that label, the traffic can associate with the partition (represented
by the PEx). This specification does not prevent sharing of labels
between P-tunnels, such as a label being shared by a (C-*,C-*-BIDIR)
and a (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) Leaf A-D route originated by a given PE (note
that other specifications put constraints on how that can be done,
e.g., [MVPN-EXTRANET]).
Note that RFC 6514 requires that a PE or an ASBR (Autonomous System
Border Router) take no action with regard to a Leaf A-D route unless
that Leaf A-D route carries an IP-address-specific Route Target
identifying the PE/ASBR. This document removes that requirement when
the route key of a Leaf A-D route identifies a (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) or a
(C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI.
To speed up convergence (so that PEy starts receiving traffic from
its new Upstream PE immediately instead of waiting until the new Leaf
A-D route corresponding to the new Upstream PE is received by sending
PEs), PEy MAY advertise a Leaf A-D route even if it does not choose
PEx as its Upstream PE with respect to the C-RPA. With that, it will
receive traffic from all PEs, but some will arrive with the label
corresponding to its choice of Upstream PE while some will arrive
with a different label; the traffic in the latter case will be
discarded.
Similar to the (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) case, if PEy receives and imports into
one of its VRFs any (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route whose PTA
specifies an IR P-tunnel, PEy chooses PEx as its Upstream PE with
respect to the C-RPA, and it has corresponding local (C-*,C-G-BIDIR)
join state that it has received from its CEs in the VRF, PEy MUST
advertise a Leaf A-D route in response. Or, if PEy has received and
imported into one of its VRFs a (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route
before, then upon receiving its local (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) join state from
its CEs in the VRF, it MUST advertise a Leaf A-D route.
The encoding of the Leaf A-D route is similar to the (C-*,C-*-BIDIR)
case. Similarly, PEy MAY advertise a Leaf A-D route even if it does
not choose PEx as its Upstream PE with respect to the C-RPA.
Zhang, et al. Standards Track PAGE 5
RFC 7740 C-BIDIR Support with IR January 2016
PEy MUST withdraw the corresponding Leaf A-D route if any of the
following conditions are true:
o the (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) or (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route is
withdrawn.
o PEy no longer chooses the originator PEx as its Upstream PE with
respect to C-RPA and PEy only advertises Leaf A-D routes in
response to its Upstream PE's S-PMSI A-D route.
o if relevant local join state is pruned.
2.2. Forwarding State
The specification regarding forwarding state in this section matches
the "When an S-PMSI is a 'Match for Transmission'" and "When an
S-PMSI is a 'Match for Reception'" rules for the "Flat Partitioning"
method in [RFC 7582], except that the rules about (C-*,C-*) are not
applicable, because this document requires that (C-*,C-*-BIDIR)
S-PMSI A-D routes are always originated for a VPN that supports
C-BIDIR flows.
For the (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route that a PEy receives and
imports into one of its VRFs from its Upstream PE with respect to the
C-RPA, if PEy itself advertises the S-PMSI A-D route in the VRF, PEy
maintains a (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) forwarding state in the VRF, with the
Ingress Replication provider tunnel leaves being the originators of
the S-PMSI A-D route and all relevant Leaf A-D routes. The relevant
Leaf A-D routes are the routes whose Route Key field contains the
same information as the MCAST-VPN Network Layer Reachability
Information (NLRI) of the (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route advertised
by the Upstream PE.
For the (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route that a PEy receives and
imports into one of its VRFs from its Upstream PE with respect to a
C-RPA, if PEy itself advertises the S-PMSI A-D route in the VRF, it
maintains appropriate forwarding states in the VRF for the ranges of
bidirectional groups for which the C-RPA is responsible. The
provider tunnel leaves are the originators of the S-PMSI A-D route
and all relevant Leaf A-D routes. The relevant Leaf A-D routes are
the routes whose Route Key field contains the same information as the
MCAST-VPN NLRI of the (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route advertised by
the Upstream PE. This is for the so-called "Sender Only Branches"
where a router only has data to send upstream towards C-RPA but no
explicit join state for a particular bidirectional group. Note that
the traffic must be sent to all PEs (not just the Upstream PE) in the
Zhang, et al. Standards Track PAGE 6
RFC 7740 C-BIDIR Support with IR January 2016
partition, because they may have specific (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) join states
that this PEy is not aware of, while there are no corresponding
(C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D and Leaf A-D routes.
For a (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) join state that a PEy has received from its CEs
in a VRF, if there is no corresponding (C-*,C-G-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D
route from its Upstream PE in the VRF, PEy maintains a corresponding
forwarding state in the VRF, with the provider tunnel leaves being
the originators of the (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route and all
relevant Leaf A-D routes (same as the "Sender Only Branches" case
above). The relevant Leaf A-D routes are the routes whose Route Key
field contains the same information as the MCAST-VPN NLRI of the
(C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route originated by the Upstream PE. If
there is also no (C-*,C-*-BIDIR) S-PMSI A-D route from its Upstream
PE, then the provider tunnel has an empty set of leaves, and PEy does
not forward relevant traffic across the provider network.
3. Security Considerations
This document raises no new security issues. Security considerations
for the base protocol are covered in [RFC 6513] and [RFC 6514].
4. References
4.1. Normative References
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
DOI 10.17487/RFC 2119, March 1997,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 2119>.
[RFC 6513] Rosen, E., Ed. and R. Aggarwal, Ed., "Multicast in MPLS/
BGP IP VPNs", RFC 6513, DOI 10.17487/RFC 6513, February
2012, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6513>.
[RFC 6514] Aggarwal, R., Rosen, E., Morin, T., and Y. Rekhter, "BGP
Encodings and Procedures for Multicast in MPLS/BGP IP
VPNs", RFC 6514, DOI 10.17487/RFC 6514, February 2012,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6514>.
[RFC 7582] Rosen, E., Wijnands, IJ., Cai, Y., and A. Boers,
"Multicast Virtual Private Network (MVPN): Using
Bidirectional P-Tunnels", RFC 7582, DOI 10.17487/RFC 7582,
July 2015, <http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7582>.
Zhang, et al. Standards Track PAGE 7
RFC 7740 C-BIDIR Support with IR January 2016
4.2. Informative References
[MVPN-EXTRANET]
Rekhter, Y., Ed., Rosen, E., Ed., Aggarwal, R., Cai, Y.,
and T. Morin, "Extranet Multicast in BGP/IP MPLS VPNs",
Work in Progress, draft-ietf-bess-mvpn-extranet-06,
January 2016.
[RFC 5015] Handley, M., Kouvelas, I., Speakman, T., and L. Vicisano,
"Bidirectional Protocol Independent Multicast (BIDIR-
PIM)", RFC 5015, DOI 10.17487/RFC 5015, October 2007,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5015>.
[RFC 6388] Wijnands, IJ., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., Kompella, K., and B.
Thomas, "Label Distribution Protocol Extensions for Point-
to-Multipoint and Multipoint-to-Multipoint Label Switched
Paths", RFC 6388, DOI 10.17487/RFC 6388, November 2011,
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6388>.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Eric Rosen for his comments and suggestions
for some text used in the document.
Authors' Addresses
Zhaohui Zhang
Juniper Networks
10 Technology Park Dr.
Westford, MA 01886
United States
Email: zzhang@juniper.net
Yakov Rekhter
Juniper Networks
Andrew Dolganow
Alcatel-Lucent
600 March Rd.
Ottawa, ON K2K 2E6
Canada
Email: andrew.dolganow@alcatel-lucent.com
Zhang, et al. Standards Track PAGE 8
RFC TOTAL SIZE: 18252 bytes
PUBLICATION DATE: Saturday, January 23rd, 2016
LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)
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