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IETF RFC 7023
Last modified on Wednesday, October 9th, 2013
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) D. Mohan, Ed.
Request for Comments: 7023 Nortel Networks
Category: Standards Track N. Bitar, Ed.
ISSN: 2070-1721 Verizon
A. Sajassi, Ed.
Cisco
S. Delord
Alcatel-Lucent
P. Niger
France Telecom
R. Qiu
Juniper
October 2013
MPLS and Ethernet Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM)
Interworking
 Abstract
This document specifies the mapping of defect states between Ethernet
Attachment Circuits (ACs) and associated Ethernet pseudowires (PWs)
connected in accordance with the Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
(PWE3) architecture to realize an end-to-end emulated Ethernet
service. It standardizes the behavior of Provider Edges (PEs) with
respect to Ethernet PW and AC defects.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 7023.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 1 
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 2
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................4
1.1. Specification of Requirements ..............................4
2. Overview ........................................................4
2.1. Reference Model and Defect Locations .......................6
2.2. Abstract Defect States .....................................6
3. Abbreviations and Terminology ...................................7
3.1. Abbreviations ..............................................7
3.2. Terminology ................................................8
4. PW Status and Defects ...........................................9
4.1. Use of Native Service (NS) Notification ....................9
4.2. Use of PW Status Notification for MPLS PSNs ...............10
4.3. Use of BFD Diagnostic Codes ...............................10
4.4. PW Defect States Entry and Exit Criteria ..................11
4.4.1. PW Receive Defect State Entry and Exit .............11
4.4.2. PW Transmit Defect State Entry and Exit ............11
5. Ethernet AC Defect States Entry and Exit Criteria ..............12
5.1. AC Receive Defect State Entry and Exit ....................12
5.2. AC Transmit Defect State Entry and Exit ...................13
6. Ethernet AC and PW Defect States Interworking ..................14
6.1. PW Receive Defect State Entry Procedures ..................14
6.2. PW Receive Defect State Exit Procedures ...................15
6.3. PW Transmit Defect State Entry Procedures .................16
6.4. PW Transmit Defect State Exit Procedures ..................16
6.5. AC Receive Defect State Entry Procedures ..................16
6.6. AC Receive Defect State Exit Procedures ...................17
6.7. AC Transmit Defect State Entry Procedures .................17
6.8. AC Transmit Defect State Exit Procedures ..................18
7. Security Considerations ........................................18
8. Acknowledgments ................................................19
9. References .....................................................19
9.1. Normative References ......................................19
9.2. Informative References ....................................20
Appendix A. Ethernet Native Service Management ....................21
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 3
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
1. Introduction
RFC 6310 [RFC 6310] specifies the mapping and notification of defect
states between a pseudowire (PW) and the Attachment Circuit (AC) of
the end-to-end emulated service. It standardizes the behavior of
Provider Edges (PEs) with respect to PW and AC defects for a number
of technologies (e.g., Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Frame
Relay (FR)) emulated over PWs in MPLS and MPLS/IP Packet Switched
Networks (PSNs). However, [RFC 6310] does not describe this function
for the Ethernet PW service owing to its unique characteristics.
This document specifies the mapping of defect states between ACs and
associated Ethernet PWs connected in accordance with the PWE3
architecture [RFC 3985] to realize an end-to-end emulated Ethernet
service. This document augments the mapping of defect states between
a PW and associated AC of the end-to-end emulated service in
[RFC 6310]. Similar to [RFC 6310], the intent of this document is to
standardize the behavior of PEs with respect to failures on Ethernet
ACs and PWs, so that there is no ambiguity about the alarms generated
and consequent actions undertaken by PEs in response to specific
failure conditions.
1.1. Specification of Requirements
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
2. Overview
There are a number of Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
(OAM) technologies defined for Ethernet, providing various
functionalities. This document covers the following Ethernet OAM
mechanisms and their interworking with PW OAM mechanisms:
- Ethernet Link OAM [802.3]
- Ethernet Local Management Interface (E-LMI) [MEF16]
- Ethernet Continuity Check (CC) [CFM] [Y.1731]
- Ethernet Alarm Indication Signaling (AIS) and Remote Defect
Indication (RDI) [Y.1731]
Ethernet Link OAM [802.3] allows some link defect states to be
detected and communicated across an Ethernet link. When an Ethernet
AC is an Ethernet physical port, there may be some application of
Ethernet Link OAM [802.3]. Further, E-LMI [MEF16] also allows for
some Ethernet Virtual Circuit (EVC) defect states to be communicated
across an Ethernet User Network Interface (UNI) where Ethernet UNI
constitutes a single-hop Ethernet link (i.e., without any bridges
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 4
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
compliant with IEEE 802.1Q/.1ad in between). There may be some
application of E-LMI [MEF16] for failure notification across single-
hop Ethernet ACs in certain deployments that specifically do not
support IEEE Connectivity Fault Management [CFM] and/or ITU-T Y.1731
[Y.1731], simply referred to as CFM and Y.1731, respectively, in this
document. Mechanisms based on Y.1731 and CFM are applicable in all
types of Ethernet ACs. Ethernet Link OAM and E-LMI are optional, and
their applicability is called out, where applicable.
Native service (NS) OAM may be transported transparently over the
corresponding PW as user data. This is referred to as the "single
emulated OAM loop mode" per [RFC 6310]. For Ethernet, as an example,
CFM continuity check messages (CCMs) between two Maintenance Entity
Group End Points (MEPs) can be transported transparently as user data
over the corresponding PW. At MEP locations, service failure is
detected when CCMs are not received over an interval that is 3.5
times the local CCM transmission interval. This is one of the
failure conditions detected via continuity check. MEP peers can
exist between customer edge (CE) endpoints (MEPs of a given
Maintenance Entity Group (MEG) reside on the CEs), between PE pairs
(the MEPs of a given MEG reside on the PEs), or between the CE and PE
(the MEPs of a given MEG reside on the PE and CE), as long as the MEG
level nesting rules are maintained. It should be noted that Ethernet
allows the definition of up to 8 MEG levels, each comprised of MEPs
(Down MEPs and Up MEPs) and Maintenance Entity Group Intermediate
Points (MIPs). These levels can be nested or touching. MEPs and
MIPs generate and process messages in the same MEG level. Thus, in
this document, when we refer to messages sent by a MEP or a MIP to a
peer MEP or MIP, these MEPs and MIPs are in the same MEG level.
When interworking two networking domains, such as native Ethernet and
PWs to provide an end-to-end emulated service, there is a need to
identify the failure domain and location even when a PE supports both
the NS OAM mechanisms and the PW OAM mechanisms. In addition,
scalability constraints may not allow running proactive monitoring,
such as CCMs with transmission enabled, at a PE to detect the failure
of an EVC across the PW domain. Thus, network-driven alarms
generated upon failure detection in the NS or PW domain and their
mappings to the other domain are needed. There are also cases where
a PE MAY not be able to process NS OAM messages received on the PW
even when such messages are defined, as in the case of Ethernet,
necessitating the need for fault notification message mapping between
the PW domain and the NS domain.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 5
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
For Multi-Segment PWs (MS-PWs) [RFC 5659], Switching PEs (S-PEs) are
not aware of the NS. Thus, failure detection and notification at
S-PEs will be based on PW OAM mechanisms. Mapping between PW OAM and
NS OAM will be required at the Terminating PEs (T-PEs) to propagate
the failure notification to the EVC end points.
2.1. Reference Model and Defect Locations
Figure 1 was used in [RFC 6310]; it is reproduced in this document as
a reference to highlight defect locations.
ACs PSN tunnel ACs
+----+ +----+
+----+ | PE1|==================| PE2| +----+
| |---(a)---(b)..(c)......PW1..(d)..(e)..(f)---(g)---| |
| CE1| (N1) | | | | (N2) |CE2 |
| |----------|............PW2.............|----------| |
+----+ | |==================| | +----+
^ +----+ +----+ ^
| Provider Edge 1 Provider Edge 2 |
| |
|<-------------- Emulated Service ---------------->|
Customer Customer
Edge 1 Edge 2
Figure 1: PWE3 Network Defect Locations
2.2. Abstract Defect States
Abstract defect states are also introduced in [RFC 6310]. As shown in
Figure 2, this document uses the same conventions as [RFC 6310]. It
may be noted, however, that CE devices, shown in Figure 2, do not
necessarily have to be end customer devices. These are essentially
devices in client network segments that are connecting to the Packet
Switched Network (PSN) for the emulated services.
+-----+
----AC receive ----->| |-----PW transmit---->
CE1 | PE1 | PE2/CE2
<---AC transmit------| |<----PW receive-----
+-----+
(arrows indicate direction of user traffic impacted by a defect)
Figure 2: Transmit and Receive Defect States and Notifications
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 6
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
The procedures outlined in this document define the entry and exit
criteria for each of the four defect states with respect to Ethernet
ACs and corresponding PWs; this document also defines the consequent
actions that PE1 MUST support to properly interwork these defect
states and corresponding notification messages between the PW domain
and the native service (NS) domain. Receive defect state SHOULD have
precedence over transmit defect state in terms of handling, when both
transmit and receive defect states are identified simultaneously.
Following is a summary of the defect states from the viewpoint of PE1
in Figure 2:
- A PW receive defect at PE1 impacts PE1's ability to receive
traffic on the PW. Entry and exit criteria for the PW receive
defect state are described in Section 4.4.1.
- A PW transmit defect at PE1 impacts PE1's ability to send user
traffic toward CE2. PE1 MAY be notified of a PW transmit defect
via a Reverse Defect Indication from PE2, which could point to
problems associated with PE2's inability to receive traffic on the
PW or PE2's inability to transmit traffic on its local AC. Entry
and exit criteria for the PW transmit defect state are described
in Section 4.4.2.
- An AC receive defect at PE1 impacts PE1's ability to receive user
traffic from the client domain attached to PE1 via that AC. Entry
and exit criteria for the AC receive defect state are described in
Section 5.1.
- An AC transmit defect at PE1 impacts PE1's ability to send user
traffic on the local AC. Entry and exit criteria for the AC
transmit defect state are described in Section 5.2.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 7
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
3. Abbreviations and Terminology
3.1. Abbreviations
AC Attachment Circuit
AIS Alarm Indication Signal
BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
CC Continuity Check
CCM Continuity Check Message
CE Customer Edge
CV Connectivity Verification
E-LMI Ethernet Local Management Interface
EVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit
LDP Label Distribution Protocol
LoS Loss of Signal
MA Maintenance Association
MD Maintenance Domain
ME Maintenance Entity
MEG Maintenance Entity Group
MEP MEG End Point
MIP MEG Intermediate Point
MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching
MS-PW Multi-Segment Pseudowire
NS Native Service
OAM Operations, Administration, and Maintenance
PE Provider Edge
PSN Packet Switched Network
PW Pseudowire
RDI Remote Defect Indication when used in the context of CCM
RDI Reverse Defect Indication when used to semantically refer to
defect indication in the reverse direction
S-PE Switching Provider Edge
T-PE Terminating Provider Edge
TLV Type-Length Value
VCCV Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification
3.2. Terminology
This document uses the following terms with corresponding
definitions:
- MEG Level: identifies a value in the range of 0-7 associated with
an Ethernet OAM frame. MEG level identifies the span of the
Ethernet OAM frame.
- MEG End Point (MEP): is responsible for origination and
termination of OAM frames for a given MEG.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 8
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
- MEG Intermediate Point (MIP): is located between peer MEPs and can
process OAM frames but does not initiate them.
- MPLS PSN: a PSN that makes use of MPLS Label-Switched Paths
[RFC 3031] as the tunneling technology to forward PW packets.
- MPLS/IP PSN: a PSN that makes use of MPLS-in-IP tunneling
[RFC 4023] to tunnel MPLS-labeled PW packets over IP tunnels.
Further, this document also uses the terminology and conventions used
in [RFC 6310].
4. PW Status and Defects
[RFC 6310] introduces a range of defects that impact PW status. All
these defect conditions are applicable for Ethernet PWs.
Similarly, there are different mechanisms described in [RFC 6310] to
detect PW defects, depending on the PSN type (e.g., MPLS PSN or
MPLS/IP PSN). Any of these mechanisms can be used when monitoring
the state of Ethernet PWs. [RFC 6310] also discusses the
applicability of these failure detection mechanisms.
4.1. Use of Native Service (NS) Notification
When two PEs terminate an Ethernet PW with associated MEPs, each PE
can use native service (NS) OAM capabilities for failure
notifications by transmitting appropriate NS OAM messages over the
corresponding PW to the remote PE. Options include:
- Sending of AIS frames from the local MEP to the MEP on the remote
PE when the MEP needs to convey PE receive defects and when CCM
transmission is disabled.
- Suspending transmission of CCM frames from the local MEP to the
peer MEP on the remote PE to convey PE receive defects when CCM
transmission is enabled.
- Setting the RDI bit in transmitted CCM frames when loss of CCMs
from the peer MEP is detected or when the PE needs to convey PW
reverse defects.
Similarly, when the defect conditions are cleared, a PE can take one
of the following actions, depending on the mechanism that was used
for failure notification, to clear the defect state on the peer PE:
- Stopping AIS frame transmission from the local MEP to the MEP on
the remote PE to clear PW receive defects.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 9
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
- Resuming transmission of CCM frames from the local MEP to the peer
MEP on the remote PE to clear PW forward defect notification when
CCM transmission is enabled.
- Clearing the RDI bit in transmitted CCM frames to clear PW
transmit defect notification when CCM transmission is enabled.
4.2. Use of PW Status Notification for MPLS PSNs
RFC 4447 [RFC 4447] specifies that for PWs that have been set up using
the Label Distribution Protocol (LDP), the default mechanism to
signal status and defects for ACs and PWs is the LDP status
notification message. For PWs established over an MPLS or MPLS/IP
PSN using other mechanisms (e.g., static configuration), in-band
signaling using VCCV-BFD [RFC 5885] SHOULD be used to convey AC and PW
status and defects. Alternatively, the mechanisms defined in
[RFC 6478] MAY be used.
[RFC 6310] identifies the following PW defect status code points:
- Forward defect: corresponds to a logical OR of Local Attachment
Circuit (ingress) Receive Fault, Local PSN-facing PW (egress)
Transmit Fault, and Pseudowire Not Forwarding fault.
- Reverse defect: corresponds to a logical OR of Local Attachment
Circuit (egress) Transmit Fault and Local PSN-facing PW (ingress)
Receive Fault.
There are also scenarios where a PE carries out PW label withdrawal
instead of PW status notification. These include administrative
disablement of the PW or loss of the Target LDP session with the peer
PE.
4.3. Use of BFD Diagnostic Codes
When using VCCV, the control channel type and Connectivity
Verification (CV) type are agreed on between the peer PEs using the
VCCV parameter field signaled as a sub-TLV of the interface
parameters TLV when using FEC 129 and the interface parameter sub-TLV
when using FEC 128 [RFC 5085].
As defined in [RFC 6310], when a CV type of 0x04 or 0x10 is used to
indicate that BFD is used for PW fault detection only, PW defect is
detected via the BFD session while other defects, such as AC defect
or PE internal defects preventing it from forwarding traffic, are
communicated via an LDP status notification message in MPLS and
MPLS/IP PSNs or other mechanisms in L2TP/IP PSNs.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 10
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
Similarly, when a CV type of 0x08 or 0x20 is used to indicate that
BFD is used for both PW fault detection and AC/PW fault notification,
all defects are signaled via BFD.
4.4. PW Defect States Entry and Exit Criteria
4.4.1. PW Receive Defect State Entry and Exit
As described in Section 6.2.1 of [RFC 6310], PE1 will enter the PW
receive defect state if one or more of the following occur:
- It receives a Forward Defect Indication (FDI) from PE2 either
indicating a receive defect on the remote AC or indicating that
PE2 detected or was notified of a downstream PW fault.
- It detects loss of connectivity on the PSN tunnel upstream of PE1,
which affects the traffic it receives from PE2.
- It detects a loss of PW connectivity through VCCV-BFD, VCCV-Ping,
or NS OAM mechanisms (i.e., CC) when enabled, which affects the
traffic it receives from PE2.
Note that if the PW LDP control session between the PEs fails, the PW
is torn down and needs to be re-established. However, the consequent
actions towards the ACs are the same as if the PW entered the receive
defect state.
PE1 will exit the PW receive defect state when the following
conditions are met. Note that this may result in a transition to the
PW operational state or the PW transmit defect state.
- All previously detected defects have disappeared.
- PE2 cleared the FDI, if applicable.
4.4.2. PW Transmit Defect State Entry and Exit
PE1 will enter the PW transmit defect state if the following
conditions occur:
- It receives a Reverse Defect Indication (RDI) from PE2 either
indicating a transmit fault on the remote AC or indicating that
PE2 detected or was notified of an upstream PW fault.
- It is not already in the PW receive defect state.
PE1 will exit the transmit defect state if it receives an OAM message
from PE2 clearing the RDI or if it has entered the PW receive defect
state.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 11
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
5. Ethernet AC Defect States Entry and Exit Criteria
5.1. AC Receive Defect State Entry and Exit
PE1 enters the AC receive defect state if any of the following
conditions is met:
- It detects or is notified of a physical-layer fault on the
Ethernet interface. Ethernet link failure can be detected based
on loss of signal (LoS) or via Ethernet Link OAM [802.3] critical
link event notifications generated at an upstream node CE1 with
"Dying Gasp" or "Critical Event" indication or via a client Signal
Fail message [Y.1731].
- A MEP associated with the local AC receives an Ethernet AIS frame
from CE1.
- A MEP associated with the local AC does not receive CCM frames
from the peer MEP in the client domain (e.g., CE1) within an
interval equal to 3.5 times the CCM transmission period configured
for the MEP. This is the case when CCM transmission is enabled.
- A CCM has an Interface Status TLV indicating interface down.
Other CCM Interface Status TLVs will not be used to indicate
failure or recovery from failure.
It should be noted that when a MEP at a PE or a CE receives a CCM
with the wrong MEG ID, MEP ID, or MEP level, the receiving PE or CE
SHOULD treat such an event as an AC receive defect. In any case, if
such events persist for 3.5 times the MEP local CCM transmission
time, loss of continuity will be declared at the receiving end.
PE1 exits the AC receive defect state if all of the conditions that
resulted in entering the defect state are cleared. This includes all
of the following conditions:
- Any physical-layer fault on the Ethernet interface, if detected or
where PE1 was notified previously, is removed (e.g., loss of
signal (LoS) cleared or Ethernet Link OAM [802.3] critical link
event notifications with "Dying Gasp" or "Critical Event"
indications cleared at an upstream node CE1).
- A MEP associated with the local AC does not receive any Ethernet
AIS frame within a period indicated by previously received AIS if
AIS resulted in entering the defect state.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 12
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
- A MEP associated with the local AC and configured with CCM enabled
receives a configured number (e.g., 3 or more) of consecutive CCM
frames from the peer MEP on CE1 within an interval equal to a
multiple (3.5) of the CCM transmission period configured for the
MEP.
- CCM indicates interface status up.
5.2. AC Transmit Defect State Entry and Exit
PE1 enters the AC transmit defect state if any of the following
conditions is met:
- It detects or is notified of a physical-layer fault on the
Ethernet interface where the AC is configured (e.g., via loss of
signal (LoS) or Ethernet Link OAM [802.3] critical link event
notifications generated at an upstream node CE1 with "Link Fault"
indication).
- A MEP configured with CCM transmission enabled and associated with
the local AC receives a CCM frame, with its RDI (Remote Defect
Indication) bit set, from the peer MEP in the client domain (e.g.,
CE1).
PE1 exits the AC transmit defect state if all of the conditions that
resulted in entering the defect state are cleared. This includes all
of the following conditions:
- Any physical-layer fault on the Ethernet interface, if detected or
where PE1 was notified previously, is removed (e.g., LoS cleared
or Ethernet Link OAM [802.3] critical link event notifications
with "Link Fault" indication cleared at an upstream node CE1).
- A MEP configured with CCM transmission enabled and associated with
the local AC does not receive a CCM frame with the RDI bit set,
having received a previous CCM frame with the RDI bit set from the
peer MEP in the client domain (e.g., CE1).
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 13
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
6. Ethernet AC and PW Defect States Interworking
6.1. PW Receive Defect State Entry Procedures
When the PW status on PE1 transitions from working to PW receive
defect state, PE1's ability to receive user traffic from CE2 is
impacted. As a result, PE1 needs to notify CE1 about this problem.
Upon entry to the PW receive defect state, the following MUST be
done:
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC
and CCM transmission is not enabled, the MEP associated with the
AC MUST transmit AIS frames periodically to the peer MEP in the
client domain (e.g., on CE1) based on the configured AIS
transmission period.
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC,
CCM transmission is enabled, and the MEP associated with the AC is
configured to support the Interface Status TLV in CCMs, the MEP
associated with the AC MUST transmit CCM frames with the Interface
Status TLV as being Down to the peer MEP in the client domain
(e.g., on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC,
CCM transmission is enabled, and the MEP associated with the AC is
configured to not support the Interface Status TLV in CCMs, the
MEP associated with the AC MUST stop transmitting CCM frames to
the peer MEP in the client domain (e.g., on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured to run E-LMI [MEF16] with CE1 and if E-LMI is
used for failure notification, PE1 MUST transmit an E-LMI
asynchronous STATUS message with report type Single EVC
Asynchronous Status indicating that the PW is Not Active.
Further, when PE1 enters the receive defect state, it MUST assume
that PE2 has no knowledge of the defect and MUST send a reverse
defect failure notification to PE2. For MPLS PSN or MPLS/IP PSN,
this is either done via a PW status notification message indicating a
reverse defect or done via a VCCV-BFD diagnostic code of reverse
defect if a VCCV CV type of 0x08 or 0x20 had been negotiated. When a
native service OAM mechanism is supported on PE1, it can also use the
NS OAM notification as specified in Section 4.1.
If PW receive defect state is entered as a result of a forward defect
notification from PE2 or via loss of control adjacency, no additional
action is needed since PE2 is expected to be aware of the defect.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 14
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
6.2. PW Receive Defect State Exit Procedures
When the PW status transitions from PW receive defect state to
working, PE1's ability to receive user traffic from CE2 is restored.
As a result, PE1 needs to cease defect notification to CE1 by
performing the following:
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC
and CCM transmission is not enabled, the MEP associated with the
AC MUST stop transmitting AIS frames towards the peer MEP in the
client domain (e.g., on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC,
CCM transmission is enabled, and the MEP associated with the AC is
configured to support the Interface Status TLV in CCMs, the MEP
associated with the AC MUST transmit CCM frames with the Interface
Status TLV as being Up to the peer MEP in the client domain (e.g.,
on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC,
CCM transmission is enabled, and the MEP associated with the AC is
configured to not support the Interface Status TLV in CCMs, the
MEP associated with the AC MUST resume transmitting CCM frames to
the peer MEP in the client domain (e.g., on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured to run E-LMI [MEF16] with CE1 and E-LMI is
used for fault notification, PE1 MUST transmit an E-LMI
asynchronous STATUS message with report type Single EVC
Asynchronous Status indicating that the PW is Active.
Further, if the PW receive defect was explicitly detected by PE1, it
MUST now notify PE2 about clearing of receive defect state by
clearing the reverse defect notification. For PW over MPLS PSN or
MPLS/IP PSN, this is either done via a PW status message indicating a
working state or done via a VCCV-BFD diagnostic code if a VCCV CV
type of 0x08 or 0x20 had been negotiated. When a native service OAM
mechanism is supported on PE, it can also clear the NS OAM
notification as specified in Section 4.1.
If PW receive defect was established via notification from PE2 or via
loss of control adjacency, no additional action is needed since PE2
is expected to be aware of the defect clearing.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 15
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
6.3. PW Transmit Defect State Entry Procedures
When the PW status transitions from working to PW transmit defect
state, PE1's ability to transmit user traffic to CE2 is impacted. As
a result, PE1 needs to notify CE1 about this problem.
Upon entry to the PW transmit defect state, the following MUST be
done:
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC
and CCM transmission is enabled, the MEP associated with the AC
MUST set the RDI bit in transmitted CCM frames or send a status
TLV with interface down to the peer MEP in the client domain
(e.g., on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured to run E-LMI [MEF16] with CE1 and E-LMI is
used for fault notification, PE1 MUST transmit an E-LMI
asynchronous STATUS message with report type Single EVC
Asynchronous Status indicating that the PW is Not Active.
- If the PW failure was detected by PE1 without receiving a reverse
defect notification from PE2, PE1 MUST assume PE2 has no knowledge
of the defect and MUST notify PE2 by sending an FDI.
6.4. PW Transmit Defect State Exit Procedures
When the PW status transitions from PW transmit defect state to
working, PE1's ability to transmit user traffic to CE2 is restored.
As a result, PE1 needs to cease defect notifications to CE1 and
perform the following:
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC
and CCM transmission is enabled, the MEP associated with the AC
MUST clear the RDI bit in the transmitted CCM frames to the peer
MEP or send a status TLV with interface up to the peer MEP in the
client domain (e.g., on CE1).
- If PE1 is configured to run E-LMI [MEF16] with CE1, PE1 MUST
transmit an E-LMI asynchronous STATUS message with report type
Single EVC Asynchronous Status indicating that the PW is Active.
- PE1 MUST clear the FDI to PE2, if applicable.
6.5. AC Receive Defect State Entry Procedures
When AC status transitions from working to AC receive defect state,
PE1's ability to receive user traffic from CE1 is impacted. As a
result, PE1 needs to notify PE2 and CE1 about this problem.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 16
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
If the AC receive defect is detected by PE1, it MUST notify PE2 in
the form of a forward defect notification.
When NS OAM is not supported on PE1, in PW over MPLS PSN or MPLS/IP
PSN, a forward defect notification is either done via a PW status
message indicating a forward defect or done via a VCCV-BFD diagnostic
code of forward defect if a VCCV CV type of 0x08 or 0x20 had been
negotiated.
When a native service OAM mechanism is supported on PE1, it can also
use the NS OAM notification as specified in Section 4.1.
In addition to the above actions, PE1 MUST perform the following:
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC
and CCM transmission is enabled, the MEP associated with the AC
MUST set the RDI bit in transmitted CCM frames.
6.6. AC Receive Defect State Exit Procedures
When AC status transitions from AC receive defect state to working,
PE1's ability to receive user traffic from CE1 is restored. As a
result, PE1 needs to cease defect notifications to PE2 and CE1 and
perform the following:
- When NS OAM is not supported on PE1, in PW over MPLS PSN or
MPLS/IP PSN, the forward defect notification is cleared via a PW
status message indicating a working state or via a VCCV-BFD
diagnostic code if a VCCV CV type of 0x08 or 0x20 had been
negotiated.
- When a native service OAM mechanism is supported on PE1, PE1
clears the NS OAM notification as specified in Section 4.1.
- If PE1 is configured with a Down MEP associated with the local AC
and CCM transmission is enabled, the MEP associated with the AC
MUST clear the RDI bit in transmitted CCM frames to the peer MEP
in the client domain (e.g., on CE1).
6.7. AC Transmit Defect State Entry Procedures
When AC status transitions from working to AC transmit defect state,
PE1's ability to transmit user traffic to CE1 is impacted. As a
result, PE1 needs to notify PE2 about this problem.
If the AC transmit defect is detected by PE1, it MUST notify PE2 in
the form of a reverse defect notification.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 17
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
When NS OAM is not supported on PE1, in PW over MPLS PSN or MPLS/IP
PSN, a reverse defect notification is either done via a PW status
message indicating a reverse defect or done via a VCCV-BFD diagnostic
code of reverse defect if a VCCV CV type of 0x08 or 0x20 had been
negotiated.
When a native service OAM mechanism is supported on PE1, it can also
use the NS OAM notification as specified in Section 4.1.
6.8. AC Transmit Defect State Exit Procedures
When AC status transitions from AC transmit defect state to working,
PE1's ability to transmit user traffic to CE1 is restored. As a
result, PE1 MUST clear the reverse defect notification to PE2.
When NS OAM is not supported on PE1, in PW over MPLS PSN or MPLS/IP
PSN, the reverse defect notification is cleared via a PW status
message indicating a working state or via a VCCV-BFD diagnostic code
if a VCCV CV type of 0x08 or 0x20 had been negotiated.
When a native service OAM mechanism is supported on PE1, PE1 can
clear NS OAM notification as specified in Section 4.1.
7. Security Considerations
The OAM interworking mechanisms described in this document do not
change the security functions inherent in the actual messages. All
generic security considerations applicable to PW traffic specified in
Section 10 of [RFC 3985] are applicable to NS OAM messages transferred
inside the PW.
The security considerations in Section 10 of [RFC 5085] for VCCV apply
to the OAM messages thus transferred. Security considerations
applicable to the PWE3 control protocol as described in Section 8.2
of [RFC 4447] apply to OAM indications transferred using the LDP
status message.
Since the mechanisms of this document enable propagation of OAM
messages and fault conditions between native service networks and
PSNs, continuity of the end-to-end service depends on a trust
relationship between the operators of these networks. Security
considerations for such scenarios are discussed in Section 7 of
[RFC 5254].
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 18
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
8. Acknowledgments
The authors are thankful to Samer Salam, Matthew Bocci, Yaakov Stein,
David Black, Lizhong Jin, Greg Mirsky, Huub van Helvoort, and Adrian
Farrel for their valuable input and comments.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[802.3] IEEE, "Part 3: Carrier Sense Multiple Access with
Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) Access Method and Physical
Layer Specifications (Clause 57 for Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance)", IEEE Std 802.3-2005,
December 2005.
[CFM] IEEE, "Connectivity Fault Management clause of IEEE
802.1Q", IEEE 802.1Q, 2013.
[MEF16] Metro Ethernet Forum, "Ethernet Local Management Interface
(E-LMI)", Technical Specification MEF16, January 2006.
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC 4447] Martini, L., Ed., Rosen, E., El-Aawar, N., Smith, T., and
G. Heron, "Pseudowire Setup and Maintenance Using the
Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)", RFC 4447, April 2006.
[RFC 5085] Nadeau, T., Ed., and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Pseudowire
Virtual Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV): A
Control Channel for Pseudowires", RFC 5085, December 2007.
[RFC 5885] Nadeau, T., Ed., and C. Pignataro, Ed., "Bidirectional
Forwarding Detection (BFD) for the Pseudowire Virtual
Circuit Connectivity Verification (VCCV)", RFC 5885, June
2010.
[RFC 6310] Aissaoui, M., Busschbach, P., Martini, L., Morrow, M.,
Nadeau, T., and Y(J). Stein, "Pseudowire (PW) Operations,
Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) Message Mapping",
RFC 6310, July 2011.
[RFC 6478] Martini, L., Swallow, G., Heron, G., and M. Bocci,
"Pseudowire Status for Static Pseudowires", RFC 6478, May
2012.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 19
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
[Y.1731] ITU-T, "OAM functions and mechanisms for Ethernet based
networks", ITU-T Y.1731, July 2011.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC 3031] Rosen, E., Viswanathan, A., and R. Callon, "Multiprotocol
Label Switching Architecture", RFC 3031, January 2001.
[RFC 3985] Bryant, S., Ed., and P. Pate, Ed., "Pseudo Wire Emulation
Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) Architecture", RFC 3985, March 2005.
[RFC 4023] Worster, T., Rekhter, Y., and E. Rosen, Ed.,
"Encapsulating MPLS in IP or Generic Routing Encapsulation
(GRE)", RFC 4023, March 2005.
[RFC 5254] Bitar, N., Ed., Bocci, M., Ed., and L. Martini, Ed.,
"Requirements for Multi-Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-
to-Edge (PWE3)", RFC 5254, October 2008.
[RFC 5659] Bocci, M. and S. Bryant, "An Architecture for Multi-
Segment Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge", RFC 5659,
October 2009.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 20
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
Appendix A. Ethernet Native Service Management
This appendix is informative.
Ethernet OAM mechanisms are broadly classified into two categories:
Fault Management (FM) and Performance Monitoring (PM). ITU-T Y.1731
[Y.1731] provides coverage for both FM and PM while IEEE CFM [CFM]
provides coverage for a subset of FM functions.
Ethernet OAM also introduces the concept of a Maintenance Entity
(ME), which is used to identify the entity that needs to be managed.
An ME is inherently a point-to-point association. However, in the
case of a multipoint association, a Maintenance Entity Group (MEG)
consisting of different MEs is used. IEEE 802.1 uses the concept of
a Maintenance Association (MA), which is used to identify both point-
to-point and multipoint associations. Each MEG/MA consists of MEG
End Points (MEPs) that are responsible for originating OAM frames.
In between the MEPs, there can also be MEG Intermediate Points (MIPs)
that do not originate OAM frames but do respond to OAM frames from
MEPs.
Ethernet OAM allows for hierarchical Maintenance Entities to allow
for simultaneous end-to-end and segment monitoring. This is achieved
by having a provision of up to 8 MEG levels (MD levels), where each
MEP or MIP is associated with a specific MEG level.
It is important to note that the FM mechanisms common to both IEEE
CFM [CFM] and ITU-T Y.1731 [Y.1731] are completely compatible.
The common FM mechanisms include:
1) Continuity Check Message (CCM)
2) Loopback Message (LBM) and Loopback Reply (LBR)
3) Link Trace Message (LTM) and Link Trace Reply (LTR)
CCMs are used for fault detection, including misconnections and
misconfigurations. Typically, CCMs are sent as multicast frames or
unicast frames and also allow RDI notifications. LBM and LBR are
used to perform fault verification, while also allowing for MTU
verification and CIR/EIR (Committed Information Rate / Excess
Information Rate) measurements. LTM and LTR can be used for
discovering the path traversed between a MEP and another target
MIP/MEP in the same MEG. LTM and LTR also allow for fault
localization.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 21
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
In addition, ITU-T Y.1731 [Y.1731] also specifies the following FM
functions:
4) Alarm Indication Signal (AIS)
AIS allows for fault notification to downstream and upstream nodes.
Further, ITU-T Y.1731 [Y.1731] also specifies the following PM
functions:
5) Loss Measurement Message (LMM) and Loss Measurement Reply (LMR)
6) Delay Measurement Message (DMM) and Delay Measurement Reply (DMR)
7) 1-way Delay Measurement (1DM)
While LMM and LMR are used to measure Frame Loss Ratio (FLR), DMM and
DMR are used to measure single-ended (aka two-way) Frame Delay (FD)
and Frame Delay Variation (FDV, also known as Jitter). 1DM can be
used for dual-ended (aka one-way) FD and FDV measurements.
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 22
RFC 7023 MPLS and Ethernet OAM Interworking October 2013
Authors' Addresses
Dinesh Mohan (editor)
Nortel Networks
EMail: dinmohan@hotmail.com
Nabil Bitar (editor)
Verizon
60 Sylvan Road
Waltham, MA 02145
United States
EMail: nabil.n.bitar@verizon.com
Ali Sajassi (editor)
Cisco
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
United States
EMail: sajassi@cisco.com
Simon Delord
Alcatel-Lucent
215 Spring Street
Melbourne
Australia
EMail: simon.delord@gmail.com
Philippe Niger
France Telecom
2 av. Pierre Marzin
22300 Lannion
France
EMail: philippe.niger@orange.com
Ray Qiu
Juniper
1194 North Mathilda Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
United States
EMail: rqiu@juniper.net
Mohan, et al. Standards Track PAGE 23
RFC TOTAL SIZE: 47621 bytes
PUBLICATION DATE: Wednesday, October 9th, 2013
LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)
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