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IETF RFC 6491
Last modified on Saturday, February 4th, 2012
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) T. Manderson
Request for Comments: 6491 L. Vegoda
Category: Standards Track ICANN
ISSN: 2070-1721 S. Kent
BBN
February 2012
Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) Objects Issued by IANA
 Abstract
This document provides specific direction to IANA as to the Resource
Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) objects it should issue.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 6491.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2012 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 1 
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
Table of Contents
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. Requirements Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Required Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
4. Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
5. Reserved Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
6. Unallocated Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
7. Special Purpose Registry Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
8. Multicast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
9. Informational Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
10. Certificates and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs) . . . . . 5
11. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
12. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
13. Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
14. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
14.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
14.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Appendix A. IANA Reserved IPv4 Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 10
Appendix B. IANA Reserved IPv6 Address Blocks . . . . . . . . . . 11
1. Introduction
"An Infrastructure to Support Secure Internet Routing" [RFC 6480]
directs IANA [RFC 2860] to issue Resource Public Key Infrastructure
(RPKI) objects for which it is authoritative. This document
describes the objects IANA will issue. If IANA is directed to issue
additional RPKI objects in future, this document will be revised and
a new version issued.
The signed objects described here that IANA will issue are the
unallocated, reserved, special use IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks, and
the unallocated and reserved Autonomous System numbers. These number
resources are managed by IANA for the IETF; thus, IANA bears the
responsibility of issuing the corresponding RPKI objects. The reader
is encouraged to consider the technical effects on the public routing
system of the signed object issuance proposed for IANA in this
document.
This document does not deal with BGP [RFC 4271] routing systems, as
those are under the policy controls of the organizations that operate
them. Readers are directed to "Local Trust Anchor Management for the
Resource Public Key Infrastructure" [TA-MGMT] for a description of
how to locally override IANA issued objects, e.g., to enable use of
unallocated, reserved, and special use IPv4 and IPv6 address blocks
in a local context.
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 2
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
The direction to IANA contained herein follows the ideal that it
should represent the ideal technical behavior for registry and
related registry actions.
2. Requirements Notation
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
3. Required Reading
Readers should be familiar with the RPKI, the RPKI repository
structure, and the various RPKI objects, uses, and interpretations
described in the following: [RFC 6480], [RFC 6487], [RFC 6482],
[RFC 6493], [TA-MGMT], [RFC 6483], [RPKI-USE], [RFC 6484], and
[RFC 6486].
Note: The addresses used in this document are not example addresses;
therefore, they are not compliant with [RFC 3849], [RFC 5735], and
[RFC 5771]. This is intentional, as the practices described in this
document are directed to specific instances of real world addresses.
4. Definitions
Internet Number Resources (INR): The number identifiers for IPv4
[RFC 791] and IPv6 [RFC 2460] addresses, and for Autonomous Systems
(ASes).
IANA: Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (a traditional name, used
here to refer to the technical team making and publishing the
assignments of Internet protocol technical parameters). The
technical team of IANA is currently a part of ICANN [RFC 2860].
RPKI: Resource Public Key Infrastructure. A Public Key
Infrastructure designed to provide a secure basis for assertions
about holdings of Internet number resources. Certificates issued
under the RPKI contain additional attributes that identify IPv4,
IPv6, and Autonomous System number resources [RFC 6480].
ROA: Route Origination Authorization. A ROA is an RPKI object that
enables the holder of the address prefix to specify an AS that is
permitted to originate (in BGP) routes for that prefix [RFC 6482].
AS 0 ROA: A ROA containing a value of 0 in the ASID field.
"Validation of Route Origination Using the Resource Certificate
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) and Route Origination Authorizations
(ROAs)" [RFC 6483] states "A ROA with a subject of AS 0 (AS 0 ROA) is
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 3
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
an attestation by the holder of a prefix that the prefix described in
the ROA, and any more specific prefix, should not be used in a
routing context."
"Not intended to be (publicly) routed": This phrase refers to
prefixes that are not meant to be represented in the global Internet
routing table (for example 192.168/16 [RFC 1918]).
5. Reserved Resources
Reserved IPv4 and IPv6 resources are held back for various reasons by
IETF action. Generally, such resources are not intended to be
globally routed. An example of such a reservation is 127.0.0.0/8
[RFC 5735]. See Appendixes A and B for IANA reserved resources.
IANA SHOULD issue an AS 0 ROA for all reserved IPv4 and IPv6
resources not intended to be routed. The selection of the [RFC 2119]
terminology is intentional as there may be situations where the AS 0
ROA is removed or not issued prior to an IANA registry action. It is
not appropriate to place IANA into a situation where, through normal
internal operations, its behavior contradicts IETF standards.
There are a small number of reserved resources that are intended to
be routed, for example 192.88.99.0/24 [RFC 3068]. See Appendixes A
and B for IANA reserved resources.
IANA MUST NOT issue any ROAs (AS 0 or otherwise) for reserved
resources that are expected to be globally routed.
6. Unallocated Resources
Internet Number Resources that have not yet been allocated for
special purposes [RFC 5736], to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs),
or to others are considered as not intended to be globally routed.
IANA SHOULD issue an AS 0 ROA for all Unallocated Resources. The
selection of the [RFC 2119] terminology is intentional as there may be
situations where the AS 0 ROA is removed or not issued prior to an
IANA registry action. It is not appropriate to place IANA into a
situation where, through normal internal operations, its behavior
contradicts IETF standards.
7. Special Purpose Registry Resources
Special Registry Resources [RFC 5736] fall into one of two categories
in terms of routing. Either the resource is intended to be seen in
the global Internet routing table in some fashion, or it isn't. An
example of a Special Registry Resources INR that is intended for
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 4
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
global routing is 2001::/32 [RFC 4380]. An example of an INR not
intended to be seen would be 2001:002::/48 [RFC 5180].
IANA MUST NOT issue any ROAs (AS 0 or otherwise) for Special Purpose
Registry Resources that are intended to be globally routed.
IANA SHOULD issue an AS 0 ROA for Special Purpose Registry Resources
that are not intended to be globally routed.
8. Multicast
Within the IPv4 multicast [RFC 5771] and IPv6 multicast [RFC 4291]
registries there are a number of Multicast registrations that are not
intended to be globally routed.
IANA MUST issue an AS 0 ROA covering the following IPv4 and IPv6
multicast INRs:
IPv4:
- Local Network Control Block
224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 (224.0.0/24)
- IANA Reserved portions of RESERVED
224.1.0.0-224.1.255.255 (224.1/16)
- RESERVED
224.5.0.0-224.251.255.255 (251 /16s)
225.0.0.0-231.255.255.255 (7 /8s)
IPv6:
- Node-Local Scope Multicast Addresses
- Link-Local Scope Multicast Addresses
IANA MUST NOT issue any ROAs (AS 0 or otherwise) for any other
multicast addresses unless directed by an IESG-approved Standards
Track document with an appropriate IANA Considerations section.
9. Informational Objects
One informational object that can exist at a publication point of an
RPKI repository is the Ghostbusters Record [RFC 6493].
IANA MUST issue a ghostbusters object appropriate in content for the
resources IANA maintains.
10. Certificates and Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs)
Before IANA can issue a ROA, it MUST first establish an RPKI
Certification Authority (CA) that covers unallocated, reserved, and
special use INRs. A CA that covers these INRs MUST contain RFC 3379
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 5
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
extensions [RFC 3779] for those corresponding number resources in its
certificate. This CA MUST issue single-use end-entity (EE)
certificates for each ROA that it generates. The EE certificate will
conform to the Resource Certificate Profile [RFC 6487] and the
additional constraints specified in [RFC 6482]. IANA MUST maintain a
publication point for this CA's use and MUST publish manifests
[RFC 6486] (with its corresponding EE certificate) for this
publication point. IANA MUST issue a CRL under this CA certificate
for the EE certificates noted above. All objects issued by this CA
will conform to the RPKI Certificate Policy [RFC 6484].
11. IANA Considerations
This document directs IANA to issue, or refrain from issuing, the
specific RPKI objects described here for the current set of reserved,
unallocated, and special registry Internet Number Resources.
Further, IANA MUST notify all other INR registries that RPKI objects
have been issued for the Internet Number Resources described in this
document to avoid the potential for issuance of duplicate objects
that might confuse relying parties.
12. Security Considerations
This document does not alter the security profile of the RPKI from
that already discussed in SIDR WG documents.
13. Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Dave Meyer for helpful direction with regard
to multicast assignments.
14. References
14.1. Normative References
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC 6480] Lepinski, M. and S. Kent, "An Infrastructure to Support
Secure Internet Routing", RFC 6480, February 2012.
[RFC 6482] Lepinski, M., Kent, S., and D. Kong, "A Profile for Route
Origin Authorizations (ROAs)", RFC 6482, February 2012.
[RFC 6483] Huston, G. and G. Michaelson, "Validation of Route
Origination Using the Resource Certificate Public Key
Infrastructure (PKI) and Route Origin Authorizations
(ROAs)", RFC 6483, February 2012.
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 6
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
[RFC 6484] Kent, S., Kong, D., Seo, K., and R. Watro, "Certificate
Policy (CP) for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
(RPKI)", BCP 173, RFC 6484, February 2012.
[RFC 6486] Austein, R., Huston, G., Kent, S., and M. Lepinski,
"Manifests for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure
(RPKI)", RFC 6486, February 2012.
[RFC 6487] Huston, G., Michaelson, G., and R. Loomans, "A Profile
for X.509 PKIX Resource Certificates", RFC 6487,
February 2012.
[RFC 6493] Bush, R., "The Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI)
Ghostbusters Record", RFC 6493, February 2012.
14.2. Informative References
[RFC 791] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC 791,
September 1981.
[RFC 919] Mogul, J., "Broadcasting Internet Datagrams", STD 5,
RFC 919, October 1984.
[RFC 922] Mogul, J., "Broadcasting Internet datagrams in the
presence of subnets", STD 5, RFC 922, October 1984.
[RFC 1112] Deering, S., "Host extensions for IP multicasting",
STD 5, RFC 1112, August 1989.
[RFC 1122] Braden, R., "Requirements for Internet Hosts -
Communication Layers", STD 3, RFC 1122, October 1989.
[RFC 1918] Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G.,
and E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.
[RFC 2460] Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
[RFC 2544] Bradner, S. and J. McQuaid, "Benchmarking Methodology for
Network Interconnect Devices", RFC 2544, March 1999.
[RFC 2860] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts, "Memorandum of
Understanding Concerning the Technical Work of the
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority", RFC 2860,
June 2000.
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 7
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
[RFC 3068] Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers",
RFC 3068, June 2001.
[RFC 3779] Lynn, C., Kent, S., and K. Seo, "X.509 Extensions for IP
Addresses and AS Identifiers", RFC 3779, June 2004.
[RFC 3849] Huston, G., Lord, A., and P. Smith, "IPv6 Address Prefix
Reserved for Documentation", RFC 3849, July 2004.
[RFC 3879] Huitema, C. and B. Carpenter, "Deprecating Site Local
Addresses", RFC 3879, September 2004.
[RFC 3927] Cheshire, S., Aboba, B., and E. Guttman, "Dynamic
Configuration of IPv4 Link-Local Addresses", RFC 3927,
May 2005.
[RFC 4193] Hinden, R. and B. Haberman, "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast
Addresses", RFC 4193, October 2005.
[RFC 4271] Rekhter, Y., Li, T., and S. Hares, "A Border Gateway
Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC 4271, January 2006.
[RFC 4291] Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
Architecture", RFC 4291, February 2006.
[RFC 4380] Huitema, C., "Teredo: Tunneling IPv6 over UDP through
Network Address Translations (NATs)", RFC 4380,
February 2006.
[RFC 4843] Nikander, P., Laganier, J., and F. Dupont, "An IPv6
Prefix for Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash
Identifiers (ORCHID)", RFC 4843, April 2007.
[RFC 5180] Popoviciu, C., Hamza, A., Van de Velde, G., and D.
Dugatkin, "IPv6 Benchmarking Methodology for Network
Interconnect Devices", RFC 5180, May 2008.
[RFC 5735] Cotton, M. and L. Vegoda, "Special Use IPv4 Addresses",
BCP 153, RFC 5735, January 2010.
[RFC 5736] Huston, G., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IANA IPv4 Special
Purpose Address Registry", RFC 5736, January 2010.
[RFC 5737] Arkko, J., Cotton, M., and L. Vegoda, "IPv4 Address
Blocks Reserved for Documentation", RFC 5737,
January 2010.
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 8
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
[RFC 5771] Cotton, M., Vegoda, L., and D. Meyer, "IANA Guidelines
for IPv4 Multicast Address Assignments", BCP 51,
RFC 5771, March 2010.
[RPKI-USE] Manderson, T., Sriram, K., and R. White, "Use Cases and
Interpretation of RPKI Objects for Issuers and Relying
Parties", Work in Progress, October 2011.
[TA-MGMT] Reynolds, M. and S. Kent, "Local Trust Anchor Management
for the Resource Public Key Infrastructure", Work
in Progress, December 2011.
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 9
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
Appendix A. IANA Reserved IPv4 Address Blocks
This list of Address Space and RFCs was correct at the time of
writing this document.
+--------------------+------------------------------------+---------+
| Prefix | RFC | TBR |
+--------------------+------------------------------------+---------+
| 0.0.0.0/8 | [RFC 1122], Section 3.2.1.3 | No |
| 10.0.0.0/8 | [RFC 1918] | No |
| 127.0.0.0/8 | [RFC 1122], Section 3.2.1.3 | No |
| 169.254.0.0/16 | [RFC 3927] | No |
| 172.16.0.0/12 | [RFC 1918] | No |
| 192.0.0.0/24 | [RFC 5736] | Various |
| 192.0.2.0/24 | [RFC 5737] | No |
| 192.88.99.0/24 | [RFC 3068] | Yes |
| 192.168.0.0/16 | [RFC 1918] | No |
| 198.18.0.0/15 | [RFC 2544] | No |
| 198.51.100.0/24 | [RFC 5737] | No |
| 203.0.113.0/24 | [RFC 5737] | No |
| 224.0.0.0/4 | [RFC 5771] | No |
| 240.0.0.0/4 | [RFC 1112], Section 4 | No |
| 255.255.255.255/32 | [RFC 919], Section 7 and | No |
| | [RFC 922], Section 7 | |
+--------------------+------------------------------------+---------+
TBR: To Be Routed, the intention of the RFC pertaining to the
address block.
Table 1: IPv4 Address Blocks and
the RFCs that Direct IANA to Reserve Them
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 10
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
Appendix B. IANA Reserved IPv6 Address Blocks
This list of Address Space and RFCs was correct at the time of
writing this document.
+----------------+-----------+-----+
| Prefix | RFC | TBR |
+----------------+-----------+-----+
| 0000::/8 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 0100::/8 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 0200::/7 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 0400::/6 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 0800::/5 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 1000::/4 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 4000::/3 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 6000::/3 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 8000::/3 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| A000::/3 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| C000::/3 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| E000::/4 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| F000::/5 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| F800::/6 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| FC00::/7 | [RFC 4193] | No |
| FE00::/9 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| FE80::/10 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| FEC0::/10 | [RFC 3879] | No |
| FF00::/8 | [RFC 4291] | No |
| 2001:0002::/48 | [RFC 5180] | No |
| 2001:10::/28 | [RFC 4843] | No |
+----------------+-----------+-----+
TBR: To Be Routed, the intention of the RFC pertaining to the
address block.
Table 2: IPv6 Address Blocks and
the RFCs that Direct IANA to Reserve Them
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 11
RFC 6491 IANA RPKI Objects February 2012
Authors' Addresses
Terry Manderson
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330
Marina del Rey, CA 90292
United States of America
Phone: +1-310-823-9358
EMail: terry.manderson@icann.org
URI: http://www.iana.org/
Leo Vegoda
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers
4676 Admiralty Way, Suite 330
Marina del Rey, CA 90292
United States of America
Phone: +1-310-823-9358
EMail: leo.vegoda@icann.org
URI: http://www.iana.org/
Steve Kent
BBN
EMail: kent@bbn.com
Manderson, et al. Standards Track PAGE 12
RFC TOTAL SIZE: 23662 bytes
PUBLICATION DATE: Saturday, February 4th, 2012
LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)
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