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IETF RFC 5919
Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion
Last modified on Tuesday, August 17th, 2010
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Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) R. Asati
Request for Comments: 5919 P. Mohapatra
Category: Standards Track Cisco Systems
ISSN: 2070-1721 E. Chen
Huawei Technologies
B. Thomas
August 2010
Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion
 Abstract
There are situations following Label Distribution Protocol (LDP)
session establishment where it would be useful for an LDP speaker to
know when its peer has advertised all of its labels. The LDP
specification provides no mechanism for an LDP speaker to notify a
peer when it has completed its initial label advertisements to that
peer. This document specifies means for an LDP speaker to signal
completion of its initial label advertisements following session
establishment.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in Section 2 of RFC 5741.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/RFC 5919.
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 1 
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2010 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
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publication of this document. Please review these documents
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the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
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This document may contain material from IETF Documents or IETF
Contributions published or made publicly available before November
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material may not have granted the IETF Trust the right to allow
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Without obtaining an adequate license from the person(s) controlling
the copyright in such materials, this document may not be modified
outside the IETF Standards Process, and derivative works of it may
not be created outside the IETF Standards Process, except to format
it for publication as an RFC or to translate it into languages other
than English.
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................3
1.1. Applicability - Label Advertisement Mode ...................3
2. Specification Language ..........................................3
3. Unrecognized Notification Capability ............................4
4. Signaling Completion of Label Advertisement .....................4
4.1. Missing Expected End-of-LIB Notifications ..................5
5. Usage Guidelines ................................................6
5.1. LDP-IGP Sync ...............................................6
5.2. LDP Graceful Restart .......................................7
5.3. Wildcard Label Request .....................................7
6. Security Considerations .........................................8
7. IANA Considerations .............................................8
8. Acknowledgments .................................................8
9. References ......................................................8
9.1. Normative References .......................................8
9.2. Informative References .....................................9
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 2
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
1. Introduction
There are situations following LDP session establishment where it
would be useful for an LDP speaker to know when its peer has
advertised all of the labels from its Label Information Base (LIB).
For example, when an LDP speaker is using LDP-IGP synchronization
procedures [RFC 5443], it would be useful for the speaker to know when
its peer has completed advertisement of its IP label bindings.
Similarly, after an LDP session is re-established when LDP Graceful
Restart [RFC 3478] is in effect, it would be helpful for each peer to
signal the other after it has advertised all its label bindings.
The LDP specification [RFC 5036] provides no mechanism for an LDP
speaker to notify a peer when it has completed its initial label
advertisements to that peer.
This document specifies use of a Notification message with the End-
of-LIB Status Code for an LDP speaker to signal completion of its
label advertisements following session establishment.
RFC 5036 implicitly assumes that new Status Codes will be defined
over the course of time. However, it does not explicitly define the
behavior of an LDP speaker that does not understand the Status Code
in a Notification message. To avoid backward compatibility issues,
this document specifies use of the LDP capability mechanism [RFC 5561]
at session establishment time for informing a peer that an LDP
speaker is capable of handling a Notification message that carries an
unrecognized Status Code.
1.1. Applicability - Label Advertisement Mode
The mechanisms specified in this document are deemed useful to LDP
peering using the 'Downstream Unsolicited' label advertisement mode
[RFC 5036]. They are not deemed useful to any LDP peering using the
'Downstream on Demand' label advertisement mode since the LDP speaker
would request particular label binding(s) from the peer anyway and
know when it has received them.
2. Specification Language
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC 2119].
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 3
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
3. Unrecognized Notification Capability
An LDP speaker MAY include a Capability Parameter [RFC 5561] in the
Initialization message to inform a peer that it ignores Notification
Messages that carry a Status Type-Length-Value (TLV) with a non-fatal
Status Code unknown to it.
The Capability Parameter for the Unrecognized Notification capability
is a TLV with the following format:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|U|F| Unrecognized Noti (0x0603)| Length |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|S| Reserved |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Figure 1: Unrecognized Notification Capability Format
Where:
U- and F-bits: MUST be 1 and 0, respectively, as per Section 3 of
LDP Capabilities [RFC 5561].
Unrecognized Notif: 0x0603
S-bit: MUST be 1 (indicates that capability is being advertised).
Upon receiving a Notification with an unrecognized Status Code, an
LDP speaker MAY generate a console or system log message for trouble
shooting purposes.
4. Signaling Completion of Label Advertisement
An LDP speaker that conforms to this specification SHOULD signal
completion of its label advertisements to a peer by means of a
Notification message, if its peer has advertised the Unrecognized
Notification capability during session establishment. The LDP
speaker SHOULD send the Notification message (per Forwarding
Equivalence Class (FEC) Type) to a peer even if the LDP speaker has
zero Label bindings to advertise to that peer.
Such a Notification message MUST carry:
- A status TLV (with TLV E- and F-bits set to zero) that carries
an End-of-LIB Status Code (0x0000002F).
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 4
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
- A FEC TLV with the Typed Wildcard FEC Element [RFC 5918] that
identifies the FEC type for which initial label advertisements
have been completed. In terms of Section 3.5.1 of RFC 5036,
this TLV is an "Optional Parameter" of the Notification message.
An LDP speaker MUST NOT send a Notification that carries a Status TLV
with the End-of-LIB Status Code to a peer unless the peer has
advertised the Unrecognized Notification capability during session
establishment.
This applies to any LDP peers discovered via either basic discovery
or extended discovery mechanisms (per Section 2.4 of [RFC 5036]).
4.1. Missing Expected End-of-LIB Notifications
There is no guarantee that an LDP speaker will receive (or send) an
End-of-LIB Notification from (or to) a peer even if the LDP speaker
has signaled the Unrecognized Notification capability (Section 3).
Although it is expected that an LDP speaker supporting the
Unrecognized Notification capability would support sending and
receiving an End-of-LIB Notification, it is not mandatory by
definition.
Please note that this is not a concern since the LDP speaker would
simply ignore the received Notification with an End-of-LIB status
code (or any status code) that is not recognized or supported, by
definition.
To deal with the possibility of missing End-of-LIB Notifications
after the LDP session establishment, an LDP speaker MAY time out
receipt of an expected End-of-LIB Notification. An LDP speaker
SHOULD start a per-peer internal timer, called 'EOL Notification'
timer (the default value of 60 seconds is RECOMMENDED, though the
value of this timer SHOULD be configurable) immediately following the
LDP session establishment.
This timer is reset by the subsequent label advertisement, and
stopped by the End-of-LIB Notification message. Lacking any label
advertisement from the peer, the timer would expire, causing the LDP
speaker to behave as if it had received the End-of-LIB notification
from the peer.
If the End-of-LIB Notification message is received after the timer
expires, then the message SHOULD be ignored.
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 5
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
5. Usage Guidelines
The FECs known to an LDP speaker and the labels the speaker has bound
to those FECs may change over the course of time. This makes it
difficult to determine when an LDP speaker has advertised "all" of
its label bindings for a given FEC type. Ultimately, this
determination is a judgment call the LDP speaker makes. The
following guidelines may be useful.
An LDP speaker is assumed to "know" a set of FECs. Depending on a
variety of criteria, such as:
- the label distribution control mode in use (Independent or
Ordered);
- the set of FECs to which the speaker has bound local labels;
- configuration settings that may constrain which label bindings
the speaker may advertise to peers.
The speaker can determine the set of bindings for a given FEC type
that it is permitted to advertise to a given peer.
LDP-IGP Sync, LDP Graceful Restart, and the response to a Wildcard
Label Request [RFC 5918] are situations that would benefit from End-
of-LIB Notification. In these situations, after an LDP speaker
completes its label binding advertisements to a peer, sending an End-
of-LIB Notification to the peer makes their outcome deterministic.
The following subsections further explain each of these situations
one by one.
5.1. LDP-IGP Sync
The LDP-IGP Synchronization [RFC 5443] specifies a mechanism by which
directly connected LDP speakers may delay the use of the link
(between them) for transit IP traffic forwarding until the labels
required to support IP-over-MPLS traffic forwarding have been
distributed and installed.
Without an End-of-LIB Notification, the speaker must rely on some
heuristic to determine when it has received all of its peer's label
bindings. The heuristic chosen could cause LDP to signal the IGP too
soon (in which case, the likelihood that traffic will be dropped
increases) or too late (in which case, traffic is kept on sub-optimal
paths longer than necessary).
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 6
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
Following session establishment, with a directly connected peer that
has advertised the Unrecognized Notification capability, an LDP
speaker using LDP-IGP Sync may send the peer an End-of-LIB
Notification after it completes advertisement of its IP label
bindings to the peer. Similarly, the LDP speaker may use the End-of-
LIB Notification received from a directly connected peer to determine
when the peer has completed advertisement of its label bindings for
IP prefixes. After receiving the notification, the LDP speaker
should consider LDP to be fully operational for the link and should
signal the IGP to start advertising the link with normal cost.
5.2. LDP Graceful Restart
LDP Graceful Restart [RFC 3478] helps to reduce the loss of MPLS
traffic caused by the restart of a router's LDP component. It
defines procedures that allow routers capable of preserving MPLS
forwarding state across the restart to continue forwarding MPLS
traffic using forwarding state installed prior to the restart for a
configured time period.
The current behavior without End-of-LIB Notification is as follows:
the restarting router and its peers consider the preserved forwarding
state to be usable but stale until it is refreshed by receipt of new
label advertisements following re-establishment of new LDP sessions
or until the time period expires. When the time period expires, any
remaining stale forwarding state is removed by the router.
Receiving End-of-LIB Notification from a peer in an LDP Graceful
Restart scenario enables an LDP speaker to stop using stale
forwarding information learned from that peer and to recover the
resources it requires without having to wait until the time period
expiry. The time period expiry can still be used if the End-of-LIB
Notification message is not received.
5.3. Wildcard Label Request
When an LDP speaker receives a Label Request message for a Typed
Wildcard FEC (e.g., a particular FEC Element Type) from a peer, the
LDP speaker determines the set of bindings (as per any local
filtering policy) to advertise to the peer for the FEC type specified
by the request. Assuming the peer had advertised the Unrecognized
Notification capability at session initialization time, the speaker
should send the peer an End-of-LIB Notification for the FEC type when
it completes advertisement of the permitted bindings.
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 7
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
As in the previous applications, receipt of the Notification
eliminates uncertainty as to when the peer has completed its
advertisements of label bindings for the requested Wildcard FEC
Element Type.
6. Security Considerations
No security considerations beyond those that apply to the base LDP
specification [RFC 5036] and that are further described in [RFC 5920]
apply to signaling the End-of-LIB condition as described in this
document.
7. IANA Considerations
This document introduces a new LDP Status Code and a new LDP
Capability.
IANA has assigned the 'End-of-LIB' status code (0x0000002F) from
the Status Code Name Space. [RFC 5036] partitions the Status Code
Name Space into 3 regions: IETF Consensus region, First Come First
Served region, and Private Use region. The code point 0x0000002F
is from the IETF Consensus range.
IANA has assigned the 'Unrecognized Notification' capability
(0x0603) from the TLV Type name space. [RFC 5036] partitions the
TLV Type name space into 3 regions: IETF Consensus region, Vendor
Private Use region, and Experimental Use region. The code point
0x0603 is from the IETF Consensus range.
8. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to recognize Kamran Raza, who helped to
formulate this draft.
The authors would like to thank Ina Minei, Alia Atlas, Yakov
Rekhter, Loa Andersson, and Luyuan Fang for their valuable
feedback and contributions.
9. References
9.1. Normative References
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC 5036] Andersson, L., Ed., Minei, I., Ed., and B. Thomas, Ed.,
"LDP Specification", RFC 5036, October 2007.
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 8
RFC 5919 Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion August 2010
[RFC 5561] Thomas, B., Raza, K., Aggarwal, S., Aggarwal, R., and JL.
Le Roux, "LDP Capabilities", RFC 5561, July 2009.
[RFC 5918] Asati, R., Minei, I., and B. Thomas, "Label Distribution
Protocol (LDP) 'Typed Wildcard' Forward Equivalence Class
(FEC)", RFC 5918, August 2010.
9.2. Informative References
[RFC 3478] Leelanivas, M., Rekhter, Y., and R. Aggarwal, "Graceful
Restart Mechanism for Label Distribution Protocol", RFC
3478, February 2003.
[RFC 5443] Jork, M., Atlas, A., and L. Fang, "LDP IGP
Synchronization", RFC 5443, March 2009.
[RFC 5920] Fang, L., Ed., "Security Framework for MPLS and GMPLS
Networks", RFC 5920, July 2010.
Authors' Addresses
Rajiv Asati
Cisco Systems
7025-6 Kit Creek Rd.
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-4987
EMail: rajiva@cisco.com
Pradosh Mohapatra
Cisco Systems
3750 Cisco Way
San Jose, CA 95134
EMail: pmohapat@cisco.com
Emily Chen
Huawei Technologies
No. 5 Street, Shangdi Information, Haidian
Beijing, China
EMail: chenying220@huawei.com
Bob Thomas
EMail: bobthomas@alum.mit.edu
Asati, et al. Standards Track PAGE 9
Signaling LDP Label Advertisement Completion
RFC TOTAL SIZE: 19455 bytes
PUBLICATION DATE: Tuesday, August 17th, 2010
LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)
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