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IETF RFC 5262
Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) Extension for Partial Presence
Last modified on Wednesday, September 10th, 2008
 Permanent link to RFC 5262
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Network Working Group M. Lonnfors
Request for Comments: 5262 Nokia
Category: Standards Track E. Leppanen
Individual
H. Khartabil
Ericsson Australia
J. Urpalainen
Nokia
September 2008
Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) Extension for Partial Presence
 Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Abstract
The Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) specifies the
baseline XML-based format for describing presence information. One
of the characteristics of the PIDF is that the document always needs
to carry all presence information available for the presentity. In
some environments where low bandwidth and high latency links can
exist, it is often beneficial to limit the amount of transported
information over the network. This document introduces a new MIME
type that enables transporting of either only the changed parts or
the full PIDF-based presence information.
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 1 
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
Table of Contents
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Conventions .....................................................3
3. Structure of PIDF Diff Documents ................................3
3.1. 'version' Attribute ........................................4
3.2. 'entity' Attribute .........................................4
4. Usage of 'application/pidf-diff+xml' ............................4
5. IANA Considerations .............................................5
5.1. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff' .........................5
5.2. application/pidf-diff+xml MIME Type ........................6
5.3. XML Schema Registration ....................................7
6. Examples ........................................................8
7. XML Schema .....................................................11
8. Interoperability Considerations ................................12
9. Security Considerations ........................................13
10. Internationalization Considerations ...........................13
11. Error Handling ................................................13
12. Acknowledgments ...............................................13
13. References ....................................................13
13.1. Normative references .....................................13
13.2. Informative references ...................................14
1. Introduction
The Presence Information Document Format (PIDF) [RFC 3863] specifies
the baseline XML-based format for describing presence information.
One of the characteristics of the PIDF is that the document always
needs to carry all presence information available for the presentity.
In some environments where low bandwidth and high latency links can
exist, it is often beneficial to limit the amount of transported
information over the network.
This document introduces a new MIME-Type 'application/pidf-diff+xml',
which enables transporting of either only the changed parts or the
full PIDF based presence information. The root element of the
document distinguishes whether the partial or full PIDF document
content was transported.
Note: With this new MIME-Type, applications can easily negotiate
the support of partial updates of presence by using the Accept
header. If PIDF had initially been designed for partial updates,
a new separate MIME-Type would have been unnecessary.
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 2
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
2. Conventions
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC 2119] and
indicate requirement levels for compliant implementations.
This memo makes use of the vocabulary defined in RFC 2778 [RFC 2778].
In addition, the following terms are defined:
Full presence document: A presence document that contains all the
presentity's presence information that is available to a
particular watcher.
Partial presence document: A presence document that represents a
fragment of the full presence document. A partial presence
document can only be understood in the context of the full
presence document, i.e., a partial presence document modifies a
cached copy of the full presence document.
3. Structure of PIDF Diff Documents
The MIME type 'application/pidf-diff+xml' defines the new content
type for partial PIDF documents.
The XML Schema imports the PIDF [RFC 3863] schema so that the full
PIDF document content with the addition of a 'version' attribute can
be transported. The root element of the document is then
<pidf-full>, and the 'version' attribute information can be included
within it. Otherwise, the content of <pidf-full> element is exactly
the same as what would have been if 'application/pidf+xml' content
type had been used. Although the XML Schema also allows using
<presence> as the document root element, it is disallowed from
applications utilizing this document format.
When only the changes of the presence document are transported, the
model described in XML patch operations [RFC 5261] is used. The root
element of the document is then <pidf-diff>. The patch operation
elements: <add>, <remove>, and <replace> allow changing the partial
content of the cached local copy of the full presence document. The
<add> element is used to add new content, the <replace> element
updates, and the <remove> element removes existing content.
The optional 'version' attribute within the two possible document
root elements contains a sequence number which is incremented by one
between subsequent document updates, i.e., a more recent document
update has a higher 'version' value than the previous one. This
number can be used to ensure consistent updates as the recipient of
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 3
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
the document can use the 'version' number to properly order received
documents and to ensure that updates have not been lost. The usage
of this attribute thus allows "state delta" processing described in
[RFC 3265]. Partial notification [RFC 5263] uses a similar model.
This number increments independently regardless of whether the
<pidf-full> or the <pidf-diff> content is transported. In other
words, a single version counter is maintained across <pidf-full> and
<pidf-diff> documents.
Implementations using this document format MUST follow guidelines
specified in the PIDF [RFC 3863] and PIDF extension formats, for
example, DataModel [RFC 4479], Rich Presence Information Data (RPID)
[RFC 4480], and Contact Information in PIDF (CIPID) [RFC 4482] MUST
support the usage of the XML schema data type ID
[W3C.REC-xmlschema-2-20041028] of these listed RFCs. Specifically,
the XML document MUST be well formed and SHOULD be valid. This
specification makes use of XML namespaces for identifying presence
documents and document fragments. The namespace URI for elements
defined by this specification is a URN [RFC 2141], using the namespace
identifier 'ietf' specified in RFC 2648 [RFC 2648] and extended by RFC
3688 [RFC 3688]. This URN is:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff
3.1. 'version' Attribute
Every presence document compliant with this specification MAY contain
a 'version' attribute within the <pidf-diff> and <pidf-full> element.
3.2. 'entity' Attribute
Every presence document compliant with this specification MAY contain
an 'entity' attribute within the <pidf-diff> element. Its content, a
presentity URI, MUST then be the same as the 'entity' attribute value
of the <presence> element described in [RFC 3863]. The usage of this
presentity URI is described in more detail in Section 3.1 of
[RFC 4479].
4. Usage of 'application/pidf-diff+xml'
The partial presence document SHOULD only contain those elements or
attributes that have changed. However, when there are a lot of
changes, the full presence document content can then be transported
instead.
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 4
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
5. IANA Considerations
IANA has performed the following actions:
o registered a new XML namespace URN per [RFC 3688].
o registered a new MIME type 'application/pidf-diff+xml' according
to the procedures of RFC 4288 [RFC 4288] and guidelines in RFC 3023
[RFC 3023].
o registered a new XML Schema according to the procedures of RFC
3688 [RFC 3688].
5.1. URN Sub-Namespace Registration for
'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff'
This specification registers a new XML namespace, as per the
guidelines in RFC 3688 [RFC 3688].
URI:
urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff
Description:
This is the XML namespace for XML elements defined by RFC 5262 to
describe the 'application/pidf-diff+xml' content type for partial
PIDF.
Registrant Contact:
IETF, SIMPLE working group, (simple@ietf.org)
Jari Urpalainen, (jari.urpalainen@nokia.com)
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 5
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
XML:
BEGIN
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type"
content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1"/>
<title>PIDF extension for partial PIDF</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Namespace for PIDF extension for partial
notifications</h1>
<h2>urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff</h2>
<p>See <a href="http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/RFC 5262.txt">
RFC 5262</a>.</p>
</body>
</html>
END
5.2. application/pidf-diff+xml MIME Type
MIME media type name: application
MIME subtype name: pidf-diff+xml
Mandatory parameters: none
Optional parameters:
Same as charset parameter of application/xml as specified in RFC 3023
[RFC 3023]. Default value is UTF-8.
Encoding considerations:
Same as encoding considerations of application/xml as specified in
RFC 3023 [RFC 3023].
Security considerations:
See Section 10 of RFC 3023 [RFC 3023]. This content type is designed
to carry presence data, which may be considered private information.
Appropriate precautions should be adopted to limit disclosure of this
information.
Interoperability considerations: none
Published specification: RFC 5262
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 6
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
Applications that use this media type: SIP-based presence systems
Additional information:
Magic Number: None
File Extension: .xml
Macintosh file type code: "TEXT"
Personal and email address for further information: Jari Urpalainen,
jari.urpalainen@nokia.com
Intended usage: LIMITED USE
Restrictions on usage: Presence [RFC 3863] based systems.
Author:
This specification is a work item of the IETF SIMPLE working group,
with mailing list address <simple@ietf.org>.
Author/Change controller: the IETF.
5.3. XML Schema Registration
This section calls for IANA to register a new XML Schema, the sole
content of which can be found in Section 7.
URI:
urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:pidf-diff
Registrant Contact:
IETF, SIMPLE working group, <simple@ietf.org>
Jari Urpalainen, <jari.urpalainen@nokia.com>
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 7
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
6. Examples
An 'application/pidf-diff+xml' document that contains the full state
presence information:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<p:pidf-full xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid"
xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:caps"
xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
entity="pres:someone@example.com"
version="567">
<tuple id="sg89ae">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<c:servcaps>
<c:audio>true</c:audio>
<c:message>true</c:message>
<c:video>false</c:video>
</c:servcaps>
<contact priority="0.8">tel:09012345678</contact>
</tuple>
<tuple id="cg231jcr">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<contact priority="1.0">im:pep@example.com</contact>
</tuple>
<tuple id="r1230d">
<status>
<basic>closed</basic>
</status>
<ci:homepage>http://example.com/~pep/</ci:homepage>
<ci:icon>http://example.com/~pep/icon.gif</ci:icon>
<ci:card>http://example.com/~pep/card.vcd</ci:card>
<contact priority="0.9">sip:pep@example.com</contact>
</tuple>
<note xml:lang="en">Full state presence document</note>
<dm:person id="p123">
<r:activities>
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 8
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
<r:on-the-phone/>
<r:busy/>
</r:activities>
</dm:person>
<dm:device id="u600b40c7">
<c:devcaps>
<c:mobility>
<c:supported>
<c:mobile/>
</c:supported>
</c:mobility>
</c:devcaps>
<dm:deviceID>urn:esn:600b40c7</dm:deviceID>
</dm:device>
</p:pidf-full>
An example partial update document with the <pidf-diff> root element:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<p:pidf-diff
xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
xmlns:d="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
entity="pres:someone@example.com"
version="568">
<p:add sel="presence/note" pos="before">
<tuple id="ert4773">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<contact priority="0.4">mailto:pep@example.com</contact>
<note xml:lang="en">This is a new tuple inserted
between the last tuple and person element</note>
</tuple>
</p:add>
<p:replace sel="*/tuple[@id='r1230d']/status/basic/text()"
>open</p:replace>
<p:remove sel="*/d:person/r:activities/r:busy" ws="after"/>
<p:replace sel="*/tuple[@id='cg231jcr']/contact/@priority"
>0.7</p:replace>
</p:pidf-diff>
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 9
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
An updated local composition presence document after applying the
patches:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<p:pidf-full xmlns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:p="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
xmlns:r="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:rpid"
xmlns:ci="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:cipid"
xmlns:c="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:caps"
xmlns:dm="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf:data-model"
entity="pres:someone@example.com"
version="568">
<tuple id="sg89ae">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<c:servcaps>
<c:audio>true</c:audio>
<c:message>true</c:message>
<c:video>false</c:video>
</c:servcaps>
<contact priority="0.8">tel:09012345678</contact>
</tuple>
<tuple id="cg231jcr">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<contact priority="0.7">im:pep@example.com</contact>
</tuple>
<tuple id="r1230d">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<ci:homepage>http://example.com/~pep/</ci:homepage>
<ci:icon>http://example.com/~pep/icon.gif</ci:icon>
<ci:card>http://example.com/~pep/card.vcd</ci:card>
<contact priority="0.9">sip:pep@example.com</contact>
</tuple>
<tuple id="ert4773">
<status>
<basic>open</basic>
</status>
<contact priority="0.4">mailto:pep@example.com</contact>
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 10
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
<note xml:lang="en">This is a new tuple inserted
between the last tuple and note element</note>
</tuple>
<note xml:lang="en">Full state presence document</note>
<dm:person id="p123">
<r:activities>
<r:on-the-phone/>
</r:activities>
</dm:person>
<dm:device id="u600b40c7">
<c:devcaps>
<c:mobility>
<c:supported>
<c:mobile/>
</c:supported>
</c:mobility>
</c:devcaps>
<dm:deviceID>urn:esn:600b40c7</dm:deviceID>
</dm:device>
</p:pidf-full>
7. XML Schema
The XML schema for the 'application/pidf-diff+xml' data format. The
included schema "urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:xml-patch-ops" is defined
in [RFC 5261], and the PIDF Schema "pidf.xsd" is imported from
[RFC 3863].
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema
targetNamespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
xmlns:tns="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf-diff"
xmlns:pidf="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
elementFormDefault="qualified">
<!-- include patch-ops type definitions -->
<xsd:include
schemaLocation="urn:ietf:params:xml:schema:patch-ops"/>
<!-- import PIDF definitions -->
<xsd:import namespace="urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:pidf"
schemaLocation="pidf.xsd"/>
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 11
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
<!-- partial updates -->
<xsd:element name="pidf-diff">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:sequence minOccurs="0" maxOccurs="unbounded">
<xsd:choice>
<xsd:element name="add" type="tns:add"/>
<xsd:element name="replace" type="tns:replace"/>
<xsd:element name="remove" type="tns:remove"/>
</xsd:choice>
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attribute name="version" type="xsd:unsignedInt"/>
<xsd:attribute name="entity" type="xsd:anyURI"/>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
<!-- full PIDF in addition to optional version -->
<xsd:element name="pidf-full">
<xsd:complexType>
<xsd:complexContent>
<xsd:extension base="pidf:presence">
<xsd:attribute name="version" type="xsd:unsignedInt"/>
</xsd:extension>
</xsd:complexContent>
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:element>
</xsd:schema>
8. Interoperability Considerations
Systems compliant with Common Profile for Presence (CPP) [RFC 3859]
will not be by default able to use this specification. However, this
will not cause any interoperability problems because all endpoints
and gateways must support the default MIME type
(application/pidf+xml) regardless of if they support this
specification. Thus, if a gateway or another end point does not
understand this specification it will not be used. In SIMPLE-based
systems, use of this MIME type is negotiated using SIP content type
negotiation mechanism as specified in partial notification [RFC 5263].
Other CPP-compliant (other than SIP-based) systems can also support
this specification if they have a mechanism to indicate support for
it. If they do, it is possible to build a gateway that will preserve
end-to-end integrity with usage of partial PIDF.
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 12
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
9. Security Considerations
All security considerations identified for PIDF [RFC 3863] apply
unchanged for this document as presence information may contain
highly sensitive information. Furthermore, the protocol SHOULD
provide authorization policies what presence information can be given
to which watchers, and when, see [RFC 5025].
10. Internationalization Considerations
The PIDF [RFC 3863] format is represented in XML that performs all
character processing in terms of the Universal Character Set (UCS).
Conformant XML processors MUST support both UTF-8 and UTF-16
encodings of the UCS. UTF-8 is the RECOMMENDED encoding of this
partial presence format.
If the character set of the initial <pidf-full> document has been
accepted by a receiving application, it MUST continue to accept the
same character set with the subsequent <pidf-diff> documents.
However, it MUST NOT need to accept a possible character set change.
11. Error Handling
Error conditions MAY be indicated by errors defined in [RFC 5261].
This document doesn't define any additional error elements. If the
'version' or 'entity' attributes have incorrect content, it MAY be
indicated by the <invalid-attribute-value> error element.
12. Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Jose Costa-Requena, Jyrki Aarnos,
Jonathan Rosenberg, Dean Willis, Miguel Garcia, Krisztian Kiss, Ben
Cambell, Robert Sparks, Anders Kristenssen, Aki Niemi, Jon Peterson,
Gonzalo Camarillo, Lars Eggert, Lakshminath Dondeti, and Chris Newman
for their valuable comments and contributions.
13. References
13.1. Normative references
[RFC 2119] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
[RFC 3863] Sugano, H., Fujimoto, S., Klyne, G., Bateman, A., Carr,
W., and J. Peterson, "Presence Information Data Format
(PIDF)", RFC 3863, August 2004.
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 13
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
[RFC 2141] Moats, R., "URN Syntax", RFC 2141, May 1997.
[RFC 2648] Moats, R., "A URN Namespace for IETF Documents", RFC 2648,
August 1999.
[RFC 3688] Mealling, M., "The IETF XML Registry", BCP 81, RFC 3688,
January 2004.
[RFC 3023] Murata, M., St. Laurent, S., and D. Kohn, "XML Media
Types", RFC 3023, January 2001.
[RFC 4288] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type Specifications and
Registration Procedures", BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
[RFC 4479] Rosenberg, J., "A Data Model for Presence", RFC 4479, July
2006.
[RFC 4480] Schulzrinne, H., Gurbani, V., Kyzivat, P., and J.
Rosenberg, "RPID: Rich Presence Extensions to the Presence
Information Data Format (PIDF)", RFC 4480, July 2006.
[RFC 4482] Schulzrinne, H., "CIPID: Contact Information for the
Presence Information Data Format", RFC 4482, July 2006.
[RFC 5261] Urpalainen, J., "An Extensible Markup Language (XML) Patch
Operations Framework Utilizing XML Path Language (XPath)
Selectors", RFC 5261, September 2008.
[W3C.REC-xmlschema-2-20041028]
Malhotra, A. and P. Biron, "XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes
Second Edition", World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation
REC-xmlschema-2-20041028, October 2004,
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/REC-xmlschema-2-20041028>.
13.2. Informative references
[RFC 2778] Day, M., Rosenberg, J., and H. Sugano, "A Model for
Presence and Instant Messaging", RFC 2778, February 2000.
[RFC 3265] Roach, A., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-Specific
Event Notification", RFC 3265, June 2002.
[RFC 3859] Peterson, J., "Common Profile for Presence (CPP)", RFC
3859, August 2004.
[RFC 5025] Rosenberg, J., "Presence Authorization Rules", RFC 5025,
December 2007.
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 14
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
[RFC 5263] Lonnfors, M., "Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Extension
for Partial Notification of Presence Information", RFC
5263, September 2008.
Authors' Addresses
Mikko Lonnfors
Nokia
Itamerenkatu 11-13 00180
Helsinki
Finland
Phone: +358 71 8008000
EMail: mikko.lonnfors@nokia.com
Eva Leppanen
Individual
Lempaala
Finland
EMail: eva.leppanen@saunalahti.fi
Hisham Khartabil
Ericsson Australia
P.O. Box 256c
Melbourne, VIC 3001
Australia
EMail: hisham.khartabil@gmail.com
Jari Urpalainen
Nokia
Itamerenkatu 11-13 00180
Helsinki
Finland
Phone: +358 7180 37686
EMail: jari.urpalainen@nokia.com
Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 15
RFC 5262 Partial PIDF September 2008
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright © The IETF Trust (2008).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
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Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
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The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
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this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
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Lonnfors, et al. Standards Track PAGE 16
Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) Extension for Partial Presence
RFC TOTAL SIZE: 28527 bytes
PUBLICATION DATE: Wednesday, September 10th, 2008
LEGAL RIGHTS: The IETF Trust (see BCP 78)
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